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United States National Museum
Bulletin 209
Nearctic Wasps of the Subfamilies
Pepsinae and Ceropalinae
By HENRY TOWNES
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION « WASHINGTON, D.C. © 1957
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Nearctic Wasps of the
Subfamilies Pepsinae and Ceropalinae
Introduction
The family Psammocharidae includes a large number of common wasps that provision their nests with spiders. Typical psammochar- ids are long-legged insects commonly seen on flowers or running rap- idly over the ground or low vegetation, often nervously flipping their wings. A large portion of the Nearctic species are black with black wings, though various members of the family are marked or colored with red, orange, yellow, white, or metallic blue. Technically, the psammocharids may be distinguished from all other wasps by a straight transverse groove that divides the mesopleuron into upper and lower halves (figure 1,5). This groove is always present, and though other wasps possess grooves on the mesopleuron, none but the psammo- charids have one that is single, straight, and transverse. The species included in the present paper are those belonging to the subfamilies Pepsinae and Ceropalinae, occurring in America north of México.
Previous taxonomic work on these species, except for two papers on Pepsis by Hurd, is not outstanding and consists largely of the descrip- tion of new species. References to all the original descriptions are given in the species headings, the significant papers dealing with biology are cited in the synonymy of the species concerned, and the few revisional papers may be located by referring to a recent cata- logue (Townes and Hurd, 1951, U. S. Dep. Agr., Agr. Monogr. No. 2, pp. 907-973). In addition to this literature are numerous locality records (largely in state lists), some notes on synonymy and taxon- omy, and the well known lectotype lists by Cresson (types in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia) and by Rohwer and Gahan (Provancher types). The specimens which form the bases for most of this literature have been restudied and re-recorded accord- ing to the taxonomy in this paper. No attempt has been made to correct the many errors of identification that occur in literature, but if a record in literature is not repeated in the summary of the distribu- tional and biological data from pin labels on the specimens studied,
1
Publications of the U. S. National Museum
The scientific publications of the National Museum include two series known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin.
The Proceedings series, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers based on the collections of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and re- visions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organizations and to specialists and others interested in the different subjects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes.
The series of Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, contains separate publications comprising monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogs of type speci- mens, special collections, and other material of similar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances. In the Bulletin series appear volumes under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum.
The present work forms No. 209 of the Bulletin series.
REMINGTON KELLOGG, Director, United States National Museum.
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1957
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price $1.50 (paper cover)
Contents
Introduction . . Subfamily Pepsinae . Tribe Pepsini
Genus Chirodamus Haley
Genus Pepsis Fabricius .
Genus Hemipepsis Dahlbom .
Genus Priocnessus Banks :
Genus Priocnemioides Radoszkow aie
Genus Cryptocheilus Panzer
Genus Priocnemis Schi¢dte. Subgenus Sphictostethus Kohl. Subgenus Clistoderes Banks. . Subgenus Priocnemissus Haupt . Subgenus Priocnemis Schigdte .
Genus Calicurgus Lepeletier .
Genus Dipogon Fox . 2 Subgenus Deuteragenia Guster - Subgenus Dipogon Fox .
Tribe Macromerini . .
Genus Phanagenia Bankes
Genus Auplopus Spinola .
Genus Ageniella Banks i Subgenus Leucophrus Townes. . Subgenus Nemagenia Banks Subgenus Priophanes Banks . Subgenus Ageniella Banks . Subgenus Ameragenia Banks .
Genus Priocnemella Banks .
Subfamily Ceropalinae. . Tribe Notocyphini Genus Notocyphus Smith . Tribe Minageniini . Genus Minagenia kay Tribe Ceropalini Genus Ceropales Latreille! NG exeeetew ts 3: Fete; sys, ees
Tir
Page
11 25 32 40
67
80
81
83
83
89 108 115 116 131 140 141 143 167 168 174 176 189 215 219 220 221 222 225 226 237 238 273
ier
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oo ,
Nearctic Wasps of the
Subfamilies Pepsinae and Ceropalinae
Introduction
The family Psammocharidae includes a large number of common wasps that provision their nests with spiders. Typical psammochar- ids are long-legged insects commonly seen on flowers or running rap- idly over the ground or low vegetation, often nervously flipping their wings. A large portion of the Nearctic species are black with black wings, though various members of the family are marked or colored with red, orange, yellow, white, or metallic blue. Technically, the psammocharids may be distinguished from all other wasps by a straight transverse groove that divides the mesopleuron into upper and lower halves (figure 1,b). This groove is always present, and though other wasps possess grooves on the mesopleuron, none but the psammo- charids have one that is single, straight, and transverse. The species included in the present paper are those belonging to the subfamilies Pepsinae and Ceropalinae, occurring in America north of México.
Previous taxonomic work on these species, except for two papers on Pepsis by Hurd, is not outstanding and consists largely of the descrip- tion of new species. References to all the original descriptions are given in the species headings, the significant papers dealing with biology are cited in the synonymy of the species concerned, and the few revisional papers may be located by referring to a recent cata- logue (Townes and Hurd, 1951, U. S. Dep. Agr., Agr. Monogr. No. 2, pp. 907-973). In addition to this literature are numerous locality records (largely in state lists), some notes on synonymy and taxon- omy, and the well known lectotype lists by Cresson (types in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia) and by Rohwer and Gahan (Provancher types). The specimens which form the bases for most of this literature have been restudied and re-recorded accord- ing to the taxonomy in this paper. No attempt has been made to correct the many errors of identification that occur in literature, but if a record in literature is not repeated in the summary of the distribu- tional and biological data from pin labels on the specimens studied,
1
2 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
it may be regarded as incorrect or unverified as far as my own re- searches are concerned.
Between August 1952 and February 1954, while this paper was awaiting publication, K. V. Krombein has published five papers con- taining brief but interesting habitat notes on a number of pepsines. Most of his specimens have been studied and included in my distri- butional data, but his habitat notes are more exact and detailed than I have listed them. They can be consulted on the following pages: 1952, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 78, pp. 91-92; 1952, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 54, pp. 176-177; 1953, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash- ington, vol. 55, p. 130; 1954, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vol. 49, pp. 3-4; and 1954, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 56, p. 230.
This paper completes a taxonomic revision of the Nearctic Psammo- charidae, other sections of the family having been treated as follows: Aporini by Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 70, pp. 23-157. Psammocharini by Evans, 1950 and 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 75, pp. 133-270; vol. 76, pp. 207-361; and vol. 77, pp. 203-340. Pepsis by Hurd, 1952, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol. 98, pp. 261- 304.
The family name
Pompilidae, rather than Psammocharidae is a name sometimes used for this family, but it may not be so used correctly. The generic name Pompilus Fabricius 1898, type of the family name Pompilidae, has Pompilus viaticus Fabricius as its genotype. Pompilus viaticus is a spe- cies of Sphecidae, because of which the generic name Pompilus may be used correctly only in the Sphecidae. In regard to the name Psam- mocharidae, its type genus is Psammochares Latreille, 1896, with the genotype Sphex fusca Linnaeus. fusca is a species of the subfamily Psammocharinae in the present family. The generic name Psammo- chares is the oldest name in the family and as such may be used as the type of the family name. Pate (1946, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 72, pp. 123-128) has discussed this nomenclatorial situation in detail.
Older authors have used the name Pompilidae for the family without considering its validity, but in 1910 Banks introduced usage of the correct name, Psammocharidae, which steadily gained favor until by a generation later the majority of the basic literature of the world used this name. Certain workers who wished to continue using the name Pompilidae, however, appealed to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature for an arbitrary declaration that Psam- mocharidae was incorrect and Pompilidae was correct. The Inter- national Commission obliged by issuing in 1945 its Opinion No. 166, throwing its influence behind the usage of the name Pompilidae and against the name Psammocharidae. This is one of a series of similar actions by the International Commission whose purpose has been to
INTRODUCTION 3
promote uniformity in zoological nomenclature and to gain additional support for itself by appeasing those zoologists wishing arbitrarily to maintain certain names in which their convenience and prestige were involved, rather than to submit the disposition of the names to im- partial rules of procedure. Although a purpose of the International Commission was to decrease confusion, it has so often been misin- formed on the specific cases and on certain general nomenclatorial situations that confusion has instead been multiplied. It is hard to see how the influence of these kinds of actions can endure indefinitely, and since their influence is considered temporary they are disregarded and the name Psammocharidae is here retained.
In the preparation of this paper the necessary decisions, both zo- ological and nomenclatorial, have been dependent on the painstaking collection and consideration of the pertinent data so far as they could be unearthed and comprehended. This has meant many hours of work and many revisions of previous ideas. Most of the revisions have been inconvenient to make, and some which pointed up former errors have been embarrassing to admit. But, if it were found that in some cases pertinent facts had been purposely hidden or arbitrarily dismissed from consideration, users of the paper would conclude that it lacked trustworthiness. The human researcher never entirely es- capes the influences of laziness and prejudice, but having striven at much cost for accurate and honest work in the body of the paper, it would be inconsistent to knowingly abandon this course by adopting the family name Pompilidae. Such considerations, however, do not have an equal appeal to all workers, and many are now using the name Pompilidae on the authority of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.
Material studied and acknowledgments
The specimens in the North American collections listed below have been studied:
U. S. National Museum, Washington, District of Columbia.
H. E. Evans, Ithaca, New York.
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
University of California, Berkeley, California.
Henry and Marjorie Townes, Raleigh, North Carolina.
K. V. Krombein, Arlington, Virginia.
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California.
Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College, College Station, Texas.
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Ontario.
University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.
David Shappirio, Washington, District of Columbia.
University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.
4 U. 8S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, North Carolina. Kansas State College, Manhattan, Kansas.
Morton Vogel, Washington, District of Columbia.
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
North Carolina State College, Raleigh, North Carolina.
University of Ohio, Columbus, Ohio.
In the statement of the location of a specimen or a type, the city of an institutional collection or the owner’s name in the case of a personal collection is used as the reference word. In Raleigh, North Carolina, there are two institutional collections, that of the Department of Agriculture and that of North Carolina State College. The former is indicated by “Raleigh” and the latter by ‘‘State College, Raleigh.”
The many institutional and personal collections made available for study have permitted correlation of the work of many collectors— a tedious job; however, it has been of great value in giving a more complete idea of the specific distribution and variation, the oppor- tunity, at times, to correct initial misinterpretations with the study of more material, and a more nearly complete record of the fauna than would otherwise have been possible. I was particularly fortu- nate in having the cooperation of Doctors H. E. Evans and P. D. Hurd, who collected and sent a great many interesting specimens for study. Dr. Evans also sent his flower records, notes on the species of spiders captured as prey, and other biological notes. Much of the material at the U. S. National Museum, on which this study was initiated, was collected by Mr. J. C. Bridwell. Mr. George Townes paid especial collecting attention to these wasps and sent me many important specimens, mostly from Columbia, 8. C. Mr. R. R. Dreisbach assisted by sending manuscript copies of his papers and by lending manuscript types for study. Opportunity to see some of his extensive work on the genitalia of psammocharids, mostly still unpublished, saved much time that would otherwise necessarily have been spent in exploratory work on these structures. It might be added that the brief treatment of them in the present paper does not reflect their total taxonomic value, but rather that other struc- tures are usually sufficient for an accurate determination, and that Mr. Dreisbach is about to publish photomicrographs of the genitalia of nearly all the Nearctic species. Spider prey collected with certain of the specimens were determined by Doctors H. H. Swift and B. J. Kaston. Mr. K. V. Krombein has reviewed the manuscript with the eye of an editor as well as of a hymenopterist, and has sent many interesting notes and specimens for incorporation.
All the types in North American collections except the Provancher types and those of Pepsis have been studied. Comparisons with and notes on the types of Dahlbom at Lund, Sweden, were made for me
Pe CANATION OF PLATES
PuaTE |
Figure 1, Chirodamus pyrrhomelas 2 ; 2, Pepsis thisbe 2 ; 3, Hemipepsis ustulata ochroptera 2; 4, Priocnessus nebulosus 9 ; 5, Priocnemioides austrinus austrinus 9 ; 6, Cryptochetlus idoneum birkmanni 2 ; 7, Priocnemis (Priocnemtissus) minorata 9 ; 8, Calicurgus hyalinatus alienatus 2 ; 9, Dipogon (Deuteragenia) sayi sayi 2 ; 10, Dipogon (Dipogon) brevis brevis 2 ; 11, Auplopus nigrellus 2 ; 12, Notocyphus dorsalis arizonicus &; 13, Minagenia clypeata 9 ; 14, Ceropales maculata fraterna 2 .
PLATE 2
Figure 15, Chirodamus maculipennis 2 ; 16, Priocnessus apache 2; 17, Priocnemioides angusticeps 9; 18, Priocnemioides untfasciatus unifasciatus 2; 19, Priocnemtioides uni- fasciatus californicus 2 ; 20, Cryptocheilus terminatum terminatum 9 ; 21, Priocnemis (Sphicto- stethus) pretiosa 2 ; 22, Priocnemtis (Priocnemis) germana 2 ; 23, Priocnemis (Priocnemis) scitula scitula 2 ; 24, Priocnemis (Priocnemis) hestia 9 ; 25, Priocnemis (Priocnemts) minus- culaQ ; 26, Dipogon (Deuteragenia) pulchripennis 2 ; 27, Dipogon (Deuteragenia) papago anomalus 2 ; 28, Dipogon (Deuteragenia) sayi nigrior 2 (type); 29, Dipogon (Dipogon) graeni- cheri atratus Q (type); 30, Auplopus architectus architectus 2; 31, Ageniella (Priophanes) faceta faceta 9 ; 32, Ageniella (Agentella) conflicta 2 ; 33, Ageniella (Ageniella) accepta 2° ; 34, Ageniella (Ageniella) blaisdelli Q .
PuaTE 3
Figure 35, M. congrua; 36, M. lata (type); 37, M. clypeata; 38, M. osoria; 39, M. montis- dorsa, variety with long squama; 40, M. montisdorsa, variety with short squama.
PLaTeE 4
Figure 41, M. julia, variety with long squama; 42, M. julia, variety with long squama; 43, M. julia, variety with short squama; 44, M. lata, subgenital plate of type; 45, M. osoria, subgenital plate; 46, M. congrua, subgenital plate; 47, M. julia, subgenital plate; 48, /, montisdorsa, subgenital plate.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN[209 PLATE 1
WINGS OF GENERA OF PEPSINAE AND CEROPALINAE
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 PEATE 2
34.
FOREWINGS OF PEPSINAE
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULL EERINGZOS Pe Ake. Ss
MALE GENITALIA OF MINAGENIA SPECIES
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 PLATE 4
AGT Wee
MALE GENITALIA AND SUBGENITAL PLATES OF MINAGENIA SPECIES
INTRODUCTION 5
by Miss Louise Russell; comparisons with and notes on the types in London and Oxford were made by Mr. J. H. H. Yarrow; Dr. H. E. Evans sent a copy of his notes on the Provancher types; and Mr. K. V. Krombein sent notes on the Provancher types taken in 1953. Assistance from these persons and from the curators of institutions and museums at Washington, Philadelphia, Cambridge, Ithaca, Raleigh, Lawrence, and San Francisco, who made the types under their care available for study, has permitted the kind of nomencla- torial work that was sorely needed in this group. Their help is gratefully acknowledged.
Many of Banks’ new species were described from a syntype series, without designation of an individual type. Often the number of specimens involved and sometimes even the sex is not stated. For nomenclatorial purposes I have designated a lectotype in the specific synonymy wherever one of Banks’ new names was based on more than one specimen without designation of the single type. The specimen so designated is usually the one of the series labeled “‘type”’ by Banks, though heretofore not designated as such in a publication.
To my wife goes special acknowledgement for the many ways in which she assisted with this study, particularly in recording distri- butional data and preparing the maps. The maps are intended to give a quick comprehension of the known distribution, with a spot for each definite locality. Indefinite localities, like a state, or locali- ties not in the atlases at hand, could not of course be indicated by definite spots and so had to be omitted. They are included, however, in the lists of specimens studied.
Terminology
The Rohwer and Gahan (1915, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 18, pp. 20-76) system of wing vein and cell terminology is used. This terminology is explained in figure 1,a. The subgenital plate is the last visible sternite—the apparent seventh but actual eighth (or the morphological ninth) abdominal sternite in the male, and the sixth abdominal sternite in the female. The squama, or paramere, of the male genitalia is the lateral distal piece, usually the largest, most lateral, most projecting, and most conspicuous paired part of the external genitalia.
An ability to distinguish between males and females is presupposed in the keys and descriptions. Males have thirteen segments in the antenna (or only twelve in Pepsis formosa), seven visible abdominal sternites, no sting, and a more slender build. Females have twelve segments in the antenna, six visible abdominal sternites, a sting that may frequently be seen exserted, a more robust build, and many minor differences from the males in proportions and in the vestiture and bristles.
6 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
‘Taxonomy
The Psammocharidae belongs in the Vespoidea and, like the rest of the Vespoidea, is probably a derivative of some scoliidlike stock. Within the family are two main lines of evolution—the pepsine, which is included entirely in the subfamily Pepsinae, and the psam- mocharine, which is included in the subfamilies Psammocharinae and Ceropalinae. Many authors recognize more than the three subfamilies just mentioned. I have studied most of the material available in the United States, and though this does not include many of the critical exotic genera it is enough to convince me that probably all of the additional subfamilies recognized by other authors should be merged with one of these three. Homenotus and Aporus, often segregated in the Homonotinae or Aporinae, definitely belong in the Psammocharinae. Jrenangelus and Notocyphus I place in the Cero- palinae, and the ““Macromerinae” is considered a tribe of the Pepsinae. The separation of Pepsis as a subfamily distinct from other pepsine genera seems quite unjustified. The few ‘Claveliinae’” I have seen are aberrant Pepsini. Olizon and related genera, often referred to the Psammocharidae, belong in the Rhopalosomatidae, as evidenced by the articulation between the first and second abdominal segments, upcurved sting, winged tarsal segments of some females, and lack of a distinct transverse groove on the mesopleuron.
EXPLANATION OF FIGURE 1
a, Wings of a member of the subfamily Psammocharinae, to illustrate terminology: CELLS or Forewinc: A, Costal; B, median; c, submedian; p, anal; E, stigma; F, first cubital; c, second cubital; u, third cubital; 1, fourth cubital; j, radial; k, first discoidal; L, second discoidal; M, third discoidal; Nn, first brachial; 0, second brachial; p, pocket of second discodial. CeELts or Hrnp Wine: Q, Costellan; r, mediellan; s, submediellan; T, anal lobe; vu, radiellan; v, cubitellan; w, discoidellan; x, anellan. VeErNs oF Forewinc: 1, Costa; 2, subcosta; 3, medius; 4, submedius; 5, metacarpus; 6, radius; 7, cubitus; 8, discoideus; 9, subdiscoideus; 10, first intercubitus; 11, second intercubitus; 12, third intercubitus; 13, basal; 14, nervulus; 15, first recurrent; 16, second recurrent. VeriNs oF Hinp Wine: 17, Costella; 18, subcost- ella; 19, mediella; 20, submediella; 21, metacarpella; 22, radiella; 23, cubitella; 24, discoidella; 25, intercubitella; 26, nervellus.
b, Side view of thorax of Cryptocheilus severini, to show the transverse groove on the mesopleuron characteristic of all psammocharids.
c, Side view of abdomen of Priocnemts minorata, 9 , to illustrate the groove on the second sternite characteristic of the Pepsinae, and the lateral crease on the first tergite.
d, Part of middle leg of a member of the subfamily Psammocharinae, to show the spine- like setae set in pits on the apical part of the femur, characteristic of this subfamily.
e, Apex of hind tibia of Priocnemioides unifasciatus, 2, to show the uniform length of its apical spinelike setae, characteristic of the Pepsinae and Ceropalinae, and the dorsal row of teeth characteristic of many Pepsinae.
f, Apex of hind tibia of a member of the subfamily Psammocharinae, to show the uneven length and splaying of its apical spinelike setae, characteristic of most members of this subfamily.
INTRODUCTION 7
Figure 1.—(For explanation see opposite page.)
8 U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Key to the subfamilies of Psammocharidae
1. Second sternite of female (and often of male) with a sharp transverse groove (fig. 1,c); middle and hind femora never with one or several subapical spine- like bristles set in grooves or pits; last segment of tarsi sometimes with a pair of sublateral ventral rows of bristles, never with a distinct median ventral row; subdiscoidal vein never with a definite downward deflection at its base (thus the lower inner corner of the third discoidal cell is simple and without a pocket); dorsal edge of hind tibia frequently with a series of teeth (fig. 1,e); spinelike bristles at apex of hind tibia of rather uniform length, not splayed (fig. le)... . . . . . «Pepsinae (p. 8)
Second sternite of both sexes wrth a aneen transverse groove, though sometimes with a broad, weak, transverse impression; middle and hind femora usually with one or several apical dorsal spinelike bristles set in grooves or pits (fig. 1d)... .. sree) eons
2. Spinelike bristles at apex of hind tibia. thee long? fees in length and spacing, and splayed (fig. 1,f); subdiscoidal vein of forewing usually deflected downward at its base, thus forming a small pocket at the lower inner corner of the third discoidal cell (P, fig. 1,2); middle and hind femora usually with one or several spinelike subapical bristles set in grooves or pits (fig. 1,d); preapical bristles on under side of last segment of tarsus, when present, arranged chiefly or entirely in a median longitudinal row; female subgenital plate without a median longitudinal keel or sharp fold; labrum often con- cealed beneath the clypeus; dorsal edge of hind tibia rarely with a longi- tudinal ridge or serration . . . . . . . . Psammocharinae !
Spinelike bristles at apex of hind bia paarter! of rather uniform length; sub- discoidal vein of forewing never with a definite downward deflection at {ts base (thus the lower inner corner of the third discoidal cell is simple and without a pocket); middle and hind femora usually without, or with small and inconspicuous spinelike bristles set in grooves or pits; preapical bristles on under side of last segment of tarsus, when present, often not arranged in a single median row; female subgenital plate with a longitudinal keel or sharp fold, at least apically; labrum ee dorsal edge of hind tibia BINGOUAE.. <) 2. pacecahe’ a . . . . .Ceropalinae (p. 220)
Subfamily PEPSINAE
The salient subfamily characters are listed in the key to sub- families. The sharp transverse groove on the second sternite of all females (fig. 1,c) and some males is the easiest recognition mark. Some members of the other two subfamilies have a broad, weak, transverse impression in this same position which should not be con- fused with the sharp groove of the Pepsinae. The lower inner corner of the third discoidal cell is without a pocket, the spinelike bristles at the apex of the hind tibia are of rather uniform length and not splayed (fig. 1,e), and the dorsal edge of the hind tibia is often serrate. The first character will distinguish the Pepsinae from most of the Psammocharinae, but not from the Ceropalinae. The second
1 The Psammocharinae are not treated further in this paper. The Nearctic species have been revised by Evans and Bradley in the papers referred to on page 2.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 9
character is held in common with a few Psammocharinae as well as with the Ceropalinae. The serrate dorsal edge of the hind tibia, though a helpful recognition mark is not reliable as a subfamily character, being absent in many groups and present in a few of the Psammocharinae (e.g., Priochilus).
In addition to the key characters, it should be mentioned that the thorax of the Pepsinae does not have the indefinable oblique and streamlined shape so characteristic of the other two subfamilies.
There are two tribes, distinguishable as indicated in the key.
Key to the tribes of the subfamily Pepsinae
1. Cubital vein of forewing present and pigmented to the wing margin (except in Priocnessus and in a few species of other genera); first tergite in dorsal view with the sides straight or slightly convex, laterally with a crease which marks off an epipleurite (fig. 1,c); parapenial lobe of male genitalia not decurved at Ee apex FO LOM ROOK 2 ji. co ua) fe pee se rola) i, wee 3 my epsns.(p. 9)
Cubital vein of forewing evanescent at the tip, not reaching the wing margin; first tergite in dorsal view with the sides usually somewhat concave toward the base, laterally usually without a crease marking off an epipleurite (in the Western Hemisphere, only Phanagenia has this crease); parapenial lobe of male genitalia rather slender, decurved at the apex to form a BRA eet tty eee. Stes Goats os. bey BeRomering. (p. 140)
Tribe Pepsini
Cubital vein of forewing usually reaching wing margin (pl. 1, figs. 1-10); hind tibia usually with an external dorsal serration (fig. 1,e); first abdominal tergite broad, not constricted subbasally, so that when seen from above the sides are straight or weakly convex; suture or fold separating epipleurum of first abdominal segment from the tergite always present (fig. 1,c); last tergite of male seldom with a dorsal whitish spot; parapenial lobe of male genitalia not decurved apically to form a hook.
This tribe includes some of the largest and showiest species of the family (especially in Pepsis and Hemipepsis), some of medium size, and some of small size (as in Dipogon, Priocnemis, and Calicurgus). Some of the genera are easily distinguished, but a large complex including the Nearctic Chirodamus, Priocnemioides, and Cryptocheilus, and a number of additional exotic genera (Cyphononyz, Monodontonyz, Mygnimia, Paracyphonyx, etc.) presents a confusing array of species with types intermediate to almost any generic limits that may be selected. In this situation, there are the alternatives of including all in one broad genus, embracing many groups of varying size and dis- tinctness, or attempting a larger or smaller number of generic separa- tions, some of which would be difficult to defend because of inter- mediate species. I have chosen the latter course, because it is closer to previously published classifications, results in little generic difficulty
10 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
in the Nearctic fauna, and is more in line with the narrower generic concepts used in the rest of the tribes. A study of a larger portion of the world fauna, however, may show a need for some different
groupings. Key to the Nearctic genera of Pepsini
1. Mandible with three teeth (including the apical point as a tooth); dorsal edge
of hind tibia smooth in both sexes; female with cardo of each maxilla giving
rise to a fascicle of long curved hairs. . ... . . . . Dipogon (p. 115)
Mandible with two teeth (a large apical point plus a smaller subapical internal
point; in a few species of Chirodamus from the Australian region there is a
more or less distinct third tooth); dorsal edge of hind tibia of female (and
often of male) with a serrate row of teeth (fig. 1, e); cardo of maxilla without
a fascicle of long hairs in either sex. . . . Ss athe eee
2. Second recurrent vein meeting the second eanieal cell ae Boone its apical 0.1
(pl. 1, fig. 3); empodium about 0.75 as wide as the subapical width of the
last tarsal segment, its apical fringe of bristles containing about 14 to 40
bristles; first discoidal cell occupied basally by a distinct subcircular irregu- larity in the membrane (pl. 1, fig. 3); large or very large species.
Hemipepsis (p. 32)
Second recurrent vein meeting the second cubital cell at or basad of its apical
0.25; empodium about 0.5 as wide as the subapical width of the last tarsal
segment, its apical fringe of bristles containing about 8 to 10 bristles; first
discoidal cell not occupied basally by an irregularity in the membrane, or if
so the irregularity less distinct than in Hemipepsis . . . Br uel hia? vay. ete
3. Marginal cell separated apically from the costal margin of Anes eae! so that the
tip of the cell is rounded (pl. 1, fig. 2) ; second cubital cell receiving the second
recurrent vein before its basal 0.33; large or very large species.
Pepsis (p. 25)
Marginal cell apically adjacent to the costal margin of the wing, so that the tip
of the cell is pointed or subtruncate; second cubital cell receiving the second
recurrent vein beyond its basal0.4..... NC ee
4, Second intercybital vein quite straight (pl. 1, fig. 1); fee aaa aniane short and
stout, the second segment of flagellum in the Nearctic species 1.5 to 4.5 as
long as wide; clypeus (in the Nearctic species) wide, short, and rather flat; brush on inner side of hind tibia broadly continuous to the apex.
Chirodamus (p. 11)
Second intercubital vein usually more or less curved (straight in Priocnemioides
and in some Cryptocheilus); legs and antenna longer and more slender, the
second segment of flagellum rarely less than 3.2 as long as wide; clypeus
longer and more convex; brush on inner side of hind tibia often with a sub-
apical constriction or Pateeriaare Cheats ¢ SUO RTGS
5. Cubital vein not quite reaching the wing margin ad ihe meereliee ending at
or distad of the juncture of cubitella with discoidella (pl. 1, fig. 4); elypeus
very, Jange = “cs. . . . . . Prioenessus (p. 40)
Cubital vein usually acne ene wing margin, or if not (e. g., some species of
Priocnemis), then the nervellus ending distinctly basad of the juncture of
cubitella with discoidella ... . eRe SOG 6. Under side of last tarsal segment with a fee eieuell rows ie peices second intercubital vein straight orevenly curved . ... . cupenee! cheese!
Under side of last tarsal segment without any preapical pee or with a very few that are not arranged in two regular longitudinal rows; second inter- cubital vein rather straight anteriorly, but strongly curved posteriorly . . 8
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 11
7. Carina on mesosternum in front of each middle coxa angled medially and at the angle usually produced as a tooth; nervellus ending beyond, at, or just before the juncture of cubitella with discoidella (pl. 1, fig. 5).
Priocnemioides (p. 49) Carina on mesosternum in front of each middle coxa evenly curved; nervellus ending distinctly before the juncture of cubitella with discoidella (pl. 1, fig. 6). Cryptocheilus (p. 67) 8. Anal lobe elliptical, the apical half of its hind margin evenly curved (pl. 1, fig. 7) ; fore tibia of female without a single, unusually stout bristle on its outer apical corner; nervulus beyond the basal vein by about 0.7 to 1.3 its length (pl. 1, fig. 7); pronotum of normal length. . . .. . . . .Prioenemis (p. 80) Anal lobe subtriangular, the apical half of its hind margin rather straight (pl. 1, fig. 8); fore tibia of female with a single, very stout, blunt, spinelike bristle at its outer apical corner; nervulus at the basal vein or beyond it by
less than 0.3 its length (pl. 1, fig. 8); pronotum quite short. Calicurgus (p. 108)
Genus Chiredamus Haliday
Chirodamus Haliday, 1837, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 17, p. 326. Type: Chirodamus kingiit Haliday; monobasic.
Calopompilus Ashmead, 1900, Canadian Ent., vol. 32, p. 188. Type: Pompilus maculipennis Smith; original designation.
Dinocnemis Banks, 1925, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 67, p. 336. Type: Pom- pilus (Priocnemis) fortis Cresson; designated by Bradley, 1944.
Onochares Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p. 9. Type: (Onochares brazoria Banks) = heiligbrodtii Cresson; original designation.
Trichocurgus Haupt, 1937, Zeitschr. Naturw. (Halle), vol. 91, pp. 127, 134. Type: Pompilus monachus Smith; original designation.
Chrysocurgus Haupt, 1937, Zeitschr. Naturw. (Halle), vol. 91, pp. 127, 134 (new synonymy). Type: Sphex nitida Fabricius; original designation. Derochilus Banks, 1941, Canadian Ent., vol. 73, pp. 119, 120. Type: Pompilus
(Priocnemis) validus Cresson; original designation. Reedimia Banks, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 96, p. 482. Type: Agenia
hirsutula Spinola; original designation. Anacyphonyx Banks, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 96, p. 520 (new syn-
onymy). Type: Anacyphonyz fidelis Banks; original designation.
Medium or large-sized, stout species, the Nearctic species with the
forewing 6 to 18 mm. long; clypeus broad, short, and rather flat (smaller and more convex in some exotic species); mandible in the Nearctic species with two teeth, in some New Zealand species with a more or less distinct third tooth; pronotum long, flat, its hind margin arcuate; second intercubital vein quite straight, vertical or oblique; second recurrent vein reaching the second cubital cell just beyond its middle; cubital vein reaching the wing margin; base of first discoidal cell containing a moderately distinct subcircular ir- regularity in the membrane; nervulus beyond the basal vein by about 0.6 its length; nervellus ending somewhat before, at, or somewhat beyond the juncture of cubitella with discoidella; anal lobe about 0.5 to 0.8 as long as submediella (pl. 1, fig. 1); hind tibia with a weak or distinct dorsal serration in females, without a distinct serration
12 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
in males; brush on inner side of hind tibia broad, without a distinct subapical constriction; last segment of tarsi short, with or without preapical spinelike bristles beneath, these when present arranged in a short irregular pair of rows, often the basal bristles displaced toward, or on the midline; tooth on tarsal claws variable.
The genus Chirodamus appears to be one of the most primitive of the family, as evidenced by the lack of specialization in the venation and leg bristles, and by the general scolioid habitus. Its distribution is of the Marsupial type. The Nearctic species divide into two species groups, which together form a genus amply distinct from others in our region, but some of the species in the Neotropic and Australian regions approach the more primitive members of Priocnemioides and other genera of Pepsini, and in these areas a clear generic separation is difficult.
The species show diversity of structural characters to a degree that in other parts of the family has called for generic distinctions. One can see by the extensive generic synonymy that some authors have used these as generic characters in the present group also. While recognizing that there are some well marked species groups in the complex, I am not convinced that there should be more than one genus used. This is another of the generic problems with which the family is replete, but recent progress has demonstrated that much of the haziness of generic limits is subjective and may be clarified with study. It is hoped that Chirodamus will prove to be another such case. The critical species are mostly in southern South America and in the Australian region, areas in which North American collections are not strong.
Besides the genotype species mentioned in the synonymy, the fol- lowing extralimital species should be referred to Chirodamus. Crypto- cheilus manni Banks 1928, Calopompilus fraternus Banks 1946, C. helas Banks 1946, C. erebus Banks 1946, C. parvulus Banks 1946, Reedimia infernalis Banks 1946, Anacyphonyr rosasi Banks 1946, and A. metallica Banks 1946. These are all Neotropic species which have not previously been referred to Chirodamus. I have studied their types in Cambridge, Anacyphonyx metallica being represented there only by the paratype.
Keys to the Nearctic species of Chirodamus MALES
1. Anal lobe about 0.55 as long as the submediella; subgenital plate either ligulate with a raised margin, or with a deep and broad apical semicircular emargi- nation; outer claw of fore tarsus with a short erect tooth; pubescence of body and head rather sparse, that on the abdominal tergites sparse enough so that the tergites appear shiny. ALBOPILOSUS GROUP ........ 2
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI tS
Anal lobe about 0.75 as long as the submediella (pl. 1, fig. 1); subgenital plate usually subcircular, evenly and strongly concave, its free margin with a fringe of longer hairs; outer claw of fore tarsus with a long subappressed tooth; pubescence of body and head dense, that on the abdominal tergites dense enough that the tergites appear dull. PYRRHOMELAS GROUP. . . 3
. Subgenital plate broadly ligulate with the apex subtruncate; genitalia not ordinarily visible beyond the sugenital plate; longer hairs of thorax whitish 2, 1). . .. . . 1. albopilosus (Cresson)
Subgenital plate een phaped (ue fe a deep and broad apical semicir- cular emargination) ; genitalia ordinarily visible beyond the subgenital plate as a pair of divergent, hairy, fingerlike processes; longer hairs of thorax
Dlack shisha yw SAL iad, ot eat edhe tran js OL. sosehortisu( Cresson)
. Forewing mostly oedopee Bh Se saNS) cee Riese Le Forewing black, or black with a shedian raee poe PRONE STIS SPAR MISC 0 1G . Forewing with a subapical fuscous cloud in addition to the fuscous apical margin; temple about 0.5 as long as the eye . . . . 3. deceptus (Banks) Forewing without a subapical fuscous cloud; temple about 0.58 to 0.75 as long astheeye.... a eel Owes eS
. Apical margin of fifth peers eal saa: pieth Btannite conspiciously punctate; pleura and propodeum dull; basal infuscation of forewing restricted to a distance beyond the edge of the tegula equal to about 1.5 the width of the tecula =. 5 .... . 6. heiligbrodtii (Cresson)
Apical margin of fifth petnite pocorn emarginate; sixth sternite incon- spicuously punctate, smooth; pleura and propodeum somewhat shining; basal infuscation of forewing restricted to a distance beyond the edge of the tegula equal to about 2.5 the width of the tegula . 4. pyrrhomelas (Walker)
. Tibiae and abdomen brownish red; propodeum with numerous coarse punctures
in addition to the dense fine punctures. . . . . . . 8. validus (Cresson) Tibiae and abdomen black; propodeum with scattered medium-sized punctures in addition to the dense ane punctures... . Sneed
. Hair on fifth sternite about 1.3 as long as the engi of the ptoenttee transverse groove on second sternite foveolate; forewing with a median orange spot Cpl. 2 figs BS)n6 css cle a . . 5. maculipennis (Smith)
Hair on fifth sternite about 0. 5 as iene as the leneen of the sternite; transverse groove on second sternite not foveolate; forewing entirely black.
7. feroculis (Banks)
FEMALES
. Anal lobe about 0.55 as long as the submediella; head and body with moderately dense pubescence, the pleura shiny, with their setiferous punctures distinctly separated; teeth on outer side of hind tibia subobsolete. ALBOPILOSUS GROUP. . . 2
Anal lobe about 0.75 as iene as fhe pabmerielia (pl. Ce ae D: head nad bade with very dense pubescence, the pleura dull, with their setiferous punctures contiguous; teeth on outer side of hind tibia distinct. PYRRHOMELAS GROUP eee Se aOR
. Second flagellar eoEmene ‘about 2. 0a as ee as ae Soar inet ARens 6.5 to 10
mm. long, moderately infuscate; head and body a little less densely and more
coarsely punctate; dorsal face of pronotum a little shorter.
1. albopilosus (Cresson)
347756—537——_-2
14 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Second flagellar segment about 2.4 as long as wide; forewing about 10 to 15 mm. long, strongly infuscate; head and body a little more densely and more finely punctate; dorsal face of pronotum a little longer . 2. fortis (Cresson)
3. Forewing orange except at the base and apex. . . . nto iee.. 4
Forewing infuscate or black, or black with a median Beane apotm <Geaeiee <6
4. Temple about 0.4 as long as the eye; second flagellar segment about 4.4 as long 7asswides a) aera .. . . . 8 deceptus (Banks)
Temple about 0.65 to 1.2 as pba as aie. eye; second era segment about 2.5 to 3.5 as long’as wide =)... 9: . lecitewicem oO
5. Propodeum above with coarse transverse ae coarse Sees on sternites separated by about 4.0 their diameter; bases ba wings infuscate nearly to the apex of the anal lobe (pl. 1, fig. 1). . . . . . . 4. pyrrhomelas (Walker)
Propodeum nearly or quite without wrinkles; coarse punctures on sternites separated by about 1.7 their diameter; bases of wings infuscate only at the
extreme base. .. . ... . . 6. heiligbrodtii (Cresson)
6. Forewing with a large medica penaee spot (pl. 2, fig. 15); abdomen entirely blacket.a 28. sir wo bee Seb eGbers! 46s sob maculipennis (Smith) Forewing entirely blacks ae ay Bnd Mer Ne eae ne Re a ieee, see ee cents Bae
7. Third tergite entirely black. . .. . ... . . %. feroculis (Banks) Third tergite mostly or entirely proach! oe . . . . 8. validus (Cresson)
ALBOPILOSUS GROUP
Head and body shiny, with well separated setiferous punctures and with the clothing hairs not unusually dense and fine; anal lobe about 0.55 as long as the submediella; fifth tarsal segment without discal bristles beneath; all tarsal claws of both sexes with a small erect median tooth; teeth on outer side of hind tibia of female showing as faint elevations at the bristle bases; male abdomen without a con- striction between the first two tergites; male subgenital plate various, but never spherically concave with a fimbriate margin.
The species included are the Nearctic albopilosus and fortis. The New Zealand Pompilus monachus Smith, 1855, seems the nearest relative of this species group.
1. Chirodamus albopilosus (Cresson) Pompilus (Agenia) albopilosus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe. vol. 1, p. 125, o&. Lectotype: &, West Virginia (Philadelphia). Priocnemis fortella Banks, 1915, Canadian Ent., vol. 47, p. 401, [9]. Lectotype: 9, Great Falls, Va., June 12, N. Banks (Cambridge). Pseudagenia najacra Brimley, 1928, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., vol. 48, p. 203, &. Type: o, Raleigh, N. C. (Raleigh).
Matusz: Forewing 6 to 8 mm. long; subgenital plate broadly ligulate, with the apex subtruncate and the lateral edges raised; genitalia not ordinarily visible beyond the subgenital plate.
Black. Pubescence light gray, the longer hairs on the head and scape blackish; wings subhyaline, the apical half of the forewing lightly infuscate.
FrEMA.LeE: Forewing 6.5 to 10 mm. long; head and body with rela- tively sparse and coarse punctures; second flagellar segment about
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI LS
2.0 as long as wide; dorsal face of pronotum about 0.3 as long as wide.
Black. Pubescence blackish; forewing moderately infuscate, the hind wing a little paler.
SPECIMENS (4507, 189): From Georgia (Neel Gap and Rabun Bald); Maryland (Cabin John, Glen Echo, and Plummers Island); New York (Ithaca); North Carolina (Canton, Hickory, Highlands, Hot Springs, Mount Mitchell at 6,400 ft., Mount Pisgah at 4,600 ft. and at 5,000 to 5,749 ft., and Raleigh); South Carolina (Columbia) ; Virginia (Dead Run, Great Falls, Skyline Drive, and Stonyman); and West Virginia.
Figure 2.—Localities for Chirodamus albopilosus.
Collection dates are from late in May to early in September and seem to indicate two generations a season. Males begin to emerge in early summer (May 22 at Neel Gap, Ga.; May 28 at Columbia, S. C.; June 1 at Glen Echo, Va., and at Cabin John, Md., etce.), re- main numerous through June, and appear to be uncommon in the first third of July. From July 9 to 25 there are no records of males captured, and males after July 25 presumably represent a second generation, which disappears late in August. Females appear a little later in the season than males and persist into early September. Early and late records for females are June 5 at Rabun Bald, Ga.; June 12 at Great Falls, Va.; Sept. 2 at 4,600 ft. on Mount Pisgah, N. C.; and Sept. 5 at 5,000 to 6,711 ft. on Mount Mitchell, N. C. The usual habitat seems to be rich moist woods.
This is a species of the Allegheny faunal area from New York to Georgia. Adults occur from early to late summer.
2. Chirodamus foriis (Cresson)
Pompilus (Priocnemis) fortis Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 118, 9. Lectotype: 9, New York (Philadelphia).
16 U. 8S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Pompilus (Agenia) nigropilosus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 124, @. Type: o, West Virginia (Philadelphia).
Pseudagenia mariva Brimley, 1928, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., vol. 43, p. 202, #@. Type: o, Linville Falls, N. C. (Raleigh).
Mate: Forewing about 11 mm. long; subgenital plate crescent shaped because of a broad deep semicircular emargination; genitalia visible beyond the subgenital plate as a pair of divergent fingerlike lobes that form a Y, both these lobes and the apical emargination of the subgenital plate densely setose.
Black. Pubescence dark gray, the longer hairs blackish; wings moderately infuscate, paler on the basal 0.4.
Figure 3.—Localities for Chirodamus fortis.
Frmaue: Forewing 10 to 15 mm. long; head and body with the punctation finer and denser than in C. albopilosus; second flagellar segment about 2.4 as long as wide; dorsal face of pronotum about 0.4 as long as wide.
Black. Pubescence black; wings heavily infuscate.
SPECIMENS (5<’, 319): From District of Columbia; Georgia (Neel Gap and Rabun Bald); Maryland (Cabin John, Frostburg, Plummers Island, and Takoma Park); New York; North Carolina (Asheville, Boone, Cedar Mt., Grandfather Mt., Highlands, and Linville Falls) ; South Carolina (Greenville County); Virginia (Arlington, Bucking- ham County, Chain Bridge, Glencarlyn, Falls Church, and Nelson County); and West Virginia.
Dates of collection are rather evenly distributed from May 29 to Sept. 22. Mr. David Shappirio tells me that this species is found in woods, often running over the dead leaves.
This species occurs in the Allegheny faunal area from Pennsylvania to Georgia.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 17
PYRRHOMELAS GROUP
Head and body usually dull, with dense, small, adjacent setiferous punctures and with the clothing hairs unusually dense and fine. (Certain parts of the body in one or both sexes may be shiny.) Anal lobe about 0.75 as long as the submediella; fifth tarsal segment of female usually with discal bristles beneath; front tarsal claws of male with a long declined tooth (the tooth is especially long on the outer claw), the rest of the claws of both sexes with a short, more or less erect tooth; teeth on outer side of hind tibia of female small, but sharp and distinct; male abdomen with an evident constriction between the first two tergites; male subgenital plate usually spherically concave, hairy, with the marginal hairs longer to make a fimbriate border (exception: C. deceptus).
The species included are the Nearctic deceptus, pyrrhomelas, maculi- penms, heiligbrodtii, feroculis, and validus.
3. Chirodamus deceptus (Banks)
Priocnemis decepta Banks, 1926, Canadian Ent., vol. 58, p. 201, [9]. Type: 9, Fedor, Lee County, Tex. (Cambridge).
Mate: Forewing 9 mm. long; temple 0.5 as long as the eye (about 0.6 as long as the eye in all other Nearctic species of the group except
Figure 4.—Localities for Chirodamus deceptus.
(’, healigbrodtiz) tooth on outer claw of fore tarsus about 0.6 as long as the part of the claw beyond it, the two parts widely separated basally but somewhat convergent apically; mesopleuron a little shining, with dense fine punctures and scattered indistinct larger punctures; ab- domen with a very weak constriction between the first and second tergites; apical margin of fifth sternite weakly concave; subgenital
18 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
plate approximately flat, covered below with long, dense, oblique hairs, its apex truncate.
Inner orbit with a yellowish stripe; forewing with a fuscous cloud in the second and third cubital and second discoidal cells. Otherwise colored like the female.
Frema.e: Forewing 10.5 to 13 mm. long; temple 0.4 as long as the eye (about 0.7 as long as the eye in all other Nearctic species of the group except C. heiligbrodti); second flagellar segment 4.4 as long as wide; propodeum with weak, coarse, transverse wrinkles; larger punctures on sternites sparse and indistinct.
Black. Wings orange, their extreme bases and the apical margin of forewing fuscous.
This species is atypical of the pyrrhomelas group and somewhat transitional to the albopilosus group. An undescribed species from Zacapt, Michoacan, México (Evans and Berkeley), is a connecting link between deceptus and more typical species of the pyrrhomelas group. The male and female of deceptus are associated on slender evidence and future studies may prove the association incorrect.
SPecIMENS: o' “Birkmann Coll.’”’ (Cambridge). o, Florida (St. Paul). 9, Bastrop County, Tex. (Townes). 9@ (type), Fedor, Lee County, Tex., June 1910 (Cambridge). 9, no data (College Station, Tex):
4. Chirodamus pyrrhomelas (Walker) PLATE 1], FIGURE 1
Pompilus pyrrhomelas Walker, 1866, in Lord, The naturalist in Vancouver Island and British Columbia, vol. 2, p. 841, 9. Type: 9, British Columbia (London).
Cryptocheilus rugosus Banks, 1917. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 61, p. 101, 9. Lectotype: 9, Wawawai, Wash., ““9-8—08,’”’ W. M. Mann (Cambridge). Cryptocheilus inaequalis Banks, 1917. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 61, p. 102,
3. Type: o, Camp Umatilla, Wash. (Cambridge).
Mate: Forewing 12 to 17.5 mm. long; tooth on outer claw of fore- tarsus about 0.35 as long as the part of the claw beyond it, the two parts distinctly divergent; mesopleuron subshining, with close fine punctures and with scattered larger punctures that are separated by about 3.0 their diameter; abdomen rather strongly constricted between the first and second tergites; apical margin of fifth sternite moderately concave.
Inner orbit with a yellowish stripe. Otherwise colored like the female.
Frmate: Forewing 14 to 22 mm. long; second flagellar segment about 2.8 as long as wide; mesopleuron with the fine punctures ex- tremely dense, a little denser than in the other Nearctic species of the genus; coarser punctures of mesopleuron a little larger than in the other Nearctic species of the genus; propodeum with coarse, ir-
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 19
regularly transverse wrinkles; larger punctures on sternites scattered, separated by about 4.0 their diameter.
Black. Wings orange, the forewing with its basal 0.12+ and its apical margin fuscous; hind wing with its basal 0.2+ and its apical and hind margins fuscous. Specimens from the southern United States and especially from México tend to have the wings more reddish orange and the basal infuscation of the wings a little more extensive.
SPECIMENS (7167, 842): From Arizona (Carr Canyon at 7,500 ft. in the Huachuca Mts., Flagstaff, General Springs at 6,200 to 7,200 ft. in Coconino County, Oak Creek Canyon at 6,000 ft., Reddington, Rustlers Park at 9,000 ft. in the Chiricahua Mts., and Santa Rita Mts. at 5,000 to 8,000 ft.); British Columbia (Keremeos, Okanagan, Oliver, Robson, Salmon Arm, Summerland, and Vernon); California
Figure 5.—Localities for Chirodamus pyrrhomelas.
(Davis Creek in Modoc County, Gold Lake in Sierra County, Grove Lake in Siskiyou County, Hallelujah Junction in Lassen County, Meadow Valley at 3,500 to 4,000 ft. in Plumas County, Portola, Quincy, and Weed); Idaho (Boise, Carey, Coeur d’Alene, Council, Fraser, Kimberly, Lapwai, Lewiston, Moscow, and Sterling); Nevada (Austin, Ferguson Springs, Humboldt River, Reno, and Virginia City); New Mexico (Catron County at 7,000 ft.); Oregon (Blitzer Valley, Boardman, Corvallis, Dallas, Grizzly Butte, Heppner, Ione, Kings Valley, Klamath Lake, La Grande, Laidlaw, Milwaukie, Monroe, Portland, and Roseburg); Utah (Beaver Canyon, Beaver Range Mts. at 8,000 to 10,000 ft., Blacksmith Fork Canyon, Bountiful, Farmington, Garden City, Laketown, Logan, Oak Creek Canyon, Provo, Salt Lake, and Wildcat Valley in Beaver County); Washington (Almota, Camp Umatilla, Clarkston, Lake McElroy, Olympia, Perry, Pullman, Toppenish, Wawawai, and Yakima); and México (Cuer- navaca, Paracho in Michoacin, and Real del Norte).
20 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Nearly all collection dates fall between July 1 and Sept. 16. Those outside this range are: June 27 at Camp Umatilla, Wash.; June 30 at Flagstaff, Ariz.; Sept. 28 at Clarkston, Wash.; Sept. 29 at Summer- land, British Columbia; Sept. 30 at Logan, Utah; Oct. 13 at Pullman, Wash.; and Oct. 14 at Council, Idaho. One male was collected on the flowers of Cleome serrulata.
This species occurs from British Columbia to México, but not in the typical Rocky Mountain States of Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado. Apparently it is commonest in the Canadian Zone and south of Oregon is found only at higher altitudes. Adults are on the wing in the last half of summer and in early fall.
5. Chirodamus maculipennis (Smith) PLATE 2, FIGURE 15
Pompilus maculipennis Smith, 1855, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the British Museum, pt 3, p. 159, 9. Type: 9, North America (London). Mate: Forewing 14 mm. long; tooth on outer claw of fore tarsus about 0.45 as long as the part of the claw beyond it, subparallel with it; mesopleuron subshining, with close fine punctures and larger punctures separated by about 3.0 their diameter; abdomen with a rather strong constriction between the first and second tergites;
Figure 6.—Localities for Chirodamus maculipennts.
transverse groove on second sternite foveolate (not foveolate in the other Nearctic species of the genus); apical margin of fifth sternite rather strongly concave, its hair about 1.3 as long as the length of the sternite (the hair about 0.5 as long in the other Nearctic species of the genus).
Black. Inner orbit without a yellowish stripe; wings black, the forewing with an oval or subcircular orange spot centering below the stigma and occupying 0.5 the width of the wing.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 21
Fema.e: Forewing 14 to 17 mm. long; second flagellar segment about 2.5 as long as wide; propodeum with fine weak transverse wrinkles; larger punctures on sternites very sparse, weak.
Black. Wings black, the forewing with an oval or subcircular orange spot centering below the stigma and occupying about 0.7 the wing width. A specimen from Barber County, Kans., has the spot in the forewing enlarged and rather diffuse.
Specimens: 9, Wadley, Ala., H. H. Smith (Washington). 9, Imboden, Ark., Byron C. Marshall (Washington). 9, Atlanta, Ga., July 9, 1929, P. W. Fattig (Washington). 9, Cornelia, Ga. (Ithaca). 9, Head River, Ga., July 18, 1936, P. W. Fattig (Townes). 9, Spring Creek, Decatur County, Ga., July 17 to 23, 1911, J. C. Bradley (Ithaca). 9, Stone Mt., Ga., June 25, 1930, P. W. Fattig (Emory Univ.). 9, Barber County, Kans., July 12 (Manhattan). 9, Iuka, Miss., July 14, 19380, R. H. Beamer (Lawrence). 9, Ozark Lake, Mo., Sept. 18, 1939, E. C. VanDyke (Berkeley). o&, Van Buren, Ozark Mts., Mo., June 6, 1930, E. A. Pence (Ann Arbor). 9, Mo., June (Washington). 9, Raleigh, N. C., July 7, 1922, C. S. Brimley (Raleigh). 9, Southern Pines, N. C., June 6, 1906, R. Woglum (Raleigh). 9°, Bastrop County, Tex., April 28, 1935, J. E. Gillaspy (College Station, Tex.). 92, College Station, Tex., Oct. 8, 1937, EK. B. Dubuisson (College Station, Tex.). 69, Fedor, Tex., May 12, 13, 21, 1905, May 1910, June 2, 1909, and Dec. 1909 (Cam- bridge). 29, Lee County, Tex., May 26 and Oct. 1910 (Cambridge). 9, Oldenburg, Tex., Nov. 5, 1932, R. W. Strandtmann (Strandtmann). 9, Paris, Tex., May 10, 1904, C. T. Brues (Cambridge). 9, no data (Cambridge).
This species occurs in the warmer portions of the Southeastern States.
6. Chirodamus heiligbrodtii (Cresson)
Priocnemis heiligbrodtii Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 204, 2. Type: 9, Texas (Washington).
Agenia belfragei Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., vol. 4, p. 205, @. Lecto- type: o', Texas (Philadelphia).
Onochares brazoria Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p.9, 2. Type: 9, Fedor, Lee County, Tex. (Cambridge).
Mate: Forewing about 15 mm. long; temple about 0.7 as long as the eye (about 0.6 as long as the eye in all other species except C. deceptus) ; tooth on outer claw of fore tarsus about 0.6 as long as the part of the claw beyond it, the two parts widely separated basally but somewhat convergent apically; mesopleuron dull, with very dense fine punctures and scattered indistinct larger punctures; abdomen with a weak constriction between the first and second tergites; apical margin of fifth sternite gently concave; sixth sternite with evident punctures, especially laterally (practically impunctate in the other
22 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
species of the genus); subgenital plate not quite so concave as in related species, its apex distinctly notched.
Black. Inner orbit with a yellowish stripe; wings orange, their extreme bases, their apical margins, and the hind margin of the hind wing fuscous.
Frmaue: Forewing 9 to 18 mm. long; temple about 1.1 as long as the eye (about 0.7 as long as the eye in all other species except C. deceptus) ; second flagellar segment about 3.0 as long as wide; meso- pleuron below with a median low round tubercle (this is absent or indistinct in the other members of the genus); propodeum smooth or sometimes laterally with fine weak transverse wrinkles; larger punc- tures on sternites relatively close, many of them separated by only about 1.7 their diameter.
Black. Wings orange, their extreme bases, their apical margins, and the hind margin of the hind wing fuscous.
Ficure 7.—Localities for Chirodamus heiligbrodtit.
SPECIMENS: 9, Bastrop County, Tex., June 9, 1935, J. E. Gillaspy (College Station, Tex.). 4, Bexar County, Tex., Nov. 16, 1930, H. B. Parks (Parks and Townes). 9, Bexar County, Tex., 1931, H. B. Parks (College Station, Tex.). 9, Cypress Mills, Tex. (Wash- ington). 9, Fedor, Tex., May 1 (Cambridge). o, 9, Lee County, Tex., Oct. and Oct. 1910 (Cambridge). 9, Longpoint, Tex. (Cam- bridge). 9, Noack, Williamson County, Tex., May 29, 1944, J. E Gillaspy (Townes). o, Shiloh, Tex., Oct. 8, 1935, J. E. Gillaspy (College Station, Tex.). 9, Victoria, Tex., May 1905, A. McLaughlin (Washington). 9, Victoria, Tex., Nov. 8, 1904, J. C. Crawford (Washington). 9, Victoria, Tex., Dec. 19, 1910, J. D. Mitchell (Washington). o, 39, Texas, Belfrage (Washington). o', Texas (Cambridge). 9, June 24, 1931 (Parks). 9, no data (Washington).
This species is restricted to Texas.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 293
Figure 8.—Localities for Chirodamus ferocults.
7. Chirodamus feroculis (Banks)
Pseudagenia feroculis Banks, 1911, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 19, p. 232, o. Type: o', Coryell County, Tex. (Cambridge).
Mate: Forewing 10.5 to 14 mm. long; basal tooth of outer claw of fore tarsus about 0.7 as long as the part of the claw beyond it, the two parts widely separated basally and strongly convergent apically; mesopleuron subshining, with close fine punctures and with larger punctures that are separated by about 3.0 their diameter, abdomen with a rather weak constriction between the first and second tergites; apical margin of fifth sternite gently concave.
Black. Inner orbit with a yellowish stripe; wings black.
Fremaue: Forewing 12 to 16 mm. long; second flagellar segment about 1.65 as long as wide; propodeum smooth; larger punctures on sternites weak and very sparse.
Black. Wings black; second tergite brownish red except on its apical margin; first tergite more or less distinctly brownish red except basally and apically.
The female of this species is very similar to that of validus, appearing only subspecifically distinct; however, the males of the two species, if properly associated, are quite different in structure as well as in color.
SPECIMENS: 9, Pennington Gap, Va. (Washington). 9, Stone Creek, Lee County, Va. (Cambridge). 9, Virginia (Cambridge). o, Bastrop County, Tex. (Townes). o, Brazos County, Tex., Apr. 16, 1938, J. E. Gillaspy (College Station, Tex.). 407, College Station, Tex., Apr. 29, 1937, May 2 and 9, 1937, R. W. Strandtmann (Strandtmann and Townes). o’, Coryell County, Tex., May (Cam- bridge). 9, Gunsight, Tex., Apr. 21, 1935 (Townes). 307, Willis,
24 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Tex., May 1903, Bridwell (Washington). 20, 49, Texas, Belfrage (Washington).
This species is known from Virginia and Texas. Adults have been collected in April and May.
8. Chirodamus validus (Cresson)
Pompilus (Priocnemis) validus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 116, 9. Type: 9, Georgia (Philadelphia).
Mate: Forewing 11.5 mm. long; tooth on outer claw of fore tarsus about 0.7 as long as the part of the claw beyond it, the two parts widely separated basally, convergent apically ; mesopleuron shining, with rather close fine punctures and with distinct coarse punctures that are separated by about 3.0 their diameter; propodeum with numerous coarse punctures that are separated by about 1.0 their diameter (these punctures weaker and sparser in the other species of the genus); apical margin of fifth sternite gently concave.
Figure 9.—Localities for Chirodamus validus.
Black. Inner orbit with a yellowish stripe; wings black; tarsi, tibiae, and apical 0.4+ of femora fulvous; wings black; abdomen brownish red.
Fremate: Forewing about 13 mm. long; second flagellar segment about 1.8 as long as wide; propodeum smooth; larger punctures on sternites weak and very sparse.
Black. Wings black; abdomen brownish red, the apical margin of the sclerites a little darker, or (in the type and in the South Carolina specimen) much darker and the abdomen beyond the third segment mostly blackish.
SpEecIMENS: o’', Mobile, Ala., Apr. 21, G. P. Engelhardt (Washing- ton). 9, Gainesville, Fla., May 1921, G. P. Engelhardt (Washington). 9, Head River, Ga., July 24, 1936, P. W. Fattig (Cambridge). 9,
| | | | | .
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 25
Head River, Ga., Aug. 2, 1936, H. G. Forester (Townes). 29, Spring Creek, Ga., May 18 to 21, 1916, J. C. Bradley (Ithaca and Cambridge). 9, Raleigh, N. C., June 5, 1923, T. B. Mitchell (Raleigh). 9, Raleigh, N.C., July 12, 1935, C. S. Brimley (Raleigh). 9, Wilkes County, N. C., July 23, 1934, F. Perlmutter (Raleigh). 9, McClellanville, S. C., May 14, 1944, H. and M. Townes (Townes).
This species has been collected from North Carolina to Florida.
Genus Pepsis Fabricius
Pepsis Fabricius, 1804, Systema piezatorum..., p. 207. Type: Pepsis ruficornis Fabricius; designated by Ashmead, 1900.
Brethesia Schrottky, 1909, Anales Soc. Cient. Argentina, vol. 68, p. 248. Type: Pepsis dimidiata Fabricius; original designation.
Gigantopepsis Lucas, 1919, Arch. Naturg., Abt. A, vol. 83 (5), pp. 10, 41. Type: Pepsis giganiea Lucas; original designation.
Nannopepsis Banks, 1945, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 4, p. 82. Type: Pepsis pruinosa Lucas; original designation.
Cirripepsis Banks, 1945, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 4, p.82. Type: Pepsis plani- frons Lucas; original designation.
Trichopepsis Banks, 1945, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 4, p. 82. Type: Pepsis limbata Guérin; original designation.
Stenopepsis Banks, 1945, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 4, p. 82. Type: Pepsis hymenaea Mocsdry; original designation.
Dinopepsis Banks, 1945, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 4, p. 83. Type: Pepsis grossa Fabricius; original designation.
Deropepsis Banks, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 96, p. 336. Type: (Pepsis frivaldszkyi “ Erichson”’) = frivaldszkyi Moesdry; original designation.
Large or very large species of average stoutness, the Nearctic
species with the forewing 13 to 48 mm. long; clypeus rather large,
often long; maxilla anthophilous; pronotum rather short, its hind
margin arcuate; apical end of marginal cell separated from costal
margin of wing, the cell rounded apically (the apex of this cell is
adjacent to the wing tip and pointed or subtruncate in the other
Nearctic Pepsinae); second intercubital vein moderately curved or
sinuate; second recurrent vein reaching the second cubital cell near its
basal 0.2; cubital vein reaching the wing margin; base of first discoidal
cell containing a moderately distinct subcircular irregularity in the
membrane; nervulus beyond the basal vein by about 0.35 its length;
nervellus ending far beyond the juncture of cubitella with discoidella;
anal lobe about 0.8 as long as submediella (pl. 1, fig. 2); hind tibia
with a strong dorsal serration; brush on inner side of hind tibia broad,
without a subapical constriction; last tarsal segment with two regular
rows of bristles beneath; tooth on tarsal claws subbasal, pointed.
Pepsis is restricted to the Western Hemisphere, where it is repre-
sented by several hundred species in the Neotropics and fourteen
species in the southern parts of the United States. Many of these
fourteen are widely distributed south of our border and reach their
26 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
northern limits in the extreme south of the United States. All are large or very large species which provision their nests with mygalo- morph spiders (‘‘tarantulas”’).
Dr. P. D. Hurd has recently published a monograph of the Nearctic species of Pepsis. His keys, synonymy, and distributional conclu- sions are given in a synoptic adapted fashion here for the sake of a complete record of the Nearctic Pepsinae. For more information on taxonomy, biology, and bibliography, or for clarification where the treatment below proves inadequate, consult Hurd’s monograph (1952, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 98, pp. 261-334) or his earlier revision of the California species (1948, Univ. California, Publ. Ent., vol. 8, pp. 123-150).
Keys to the Nearctic species of Pepsis
MALES
1. Antenna 12-segmented; subgenital plate in the form of an elongate trapezoid, narrowing posteriorly, densely clothed with very lake erect, bristlelike
hairs. SUBSPECIES OF FORMOSA. .. . Fimiciatere acs i o- Antenna 13-segmented; subgenital plate noe in “ihe form Be an Bloneata trape- zoid, glabrous or with fine, short pubescence .. . Cadi ctanmee sa Ens
2. Wings mostly orange se. 2.3. - <a ie aemuees formusa Poemosd (Say) Wings mostly blackish. .... . . . . 1b. formosa pattoni Banks
3. Fourth sternite and sometimes the “fifth with dense groups of bristles or hairs forming brushes; subgenital plate more or less spatulate, without transverse, longitudinal, or toothlike processes on its ventral surface. . . . te
Fourth and fifth sternites without dense groups of bristles or hairs; pubeenital plate various, but always with transverse, ne ae or toothlike proc-
esses on its ventral surface. .. . 5. is) Renee. pemRe 4, Bristles on fourth sternite strongly Pofecete near Ones poe si dncoe Huge O Bristles on fourth sternite not strongly reflexed near their apices .... 7
5. Antennal sensoria large, basal and apical on the segments, most frequently in the form of opposing isosceles triangles or of a constricted band; wings entirely blackish .... . .. . . 2. saphirus Palisot
Antennal sensoria small, paca @arely pica) on the segments, triangular or hemielliptical, impressed, markedly differentiated from the surrounding integument; wings mostly orange . . . 4 cays ciao
6. Fourth and fifth sternites each with dense pricslest or eure Gapcimm with at least the apical segment and frequently several or all segments orange.
3. mildei Stal Fourth sternite with dense bristles or hairs, the fifth sternite with a few scat- tered hairs; flagellum entirely blackish . . 4. angustimarginata Viereck
7. Fourth sternite with a pair of obliquely arranged rows of backward directed bristles, which when seen from below have a semicircular outline anteriorly, fifth sternite nearly or quite glabrous. SUBSPECIES OF ELEGANS ... 8
Fourth and fifth sternites each with dense, erect bristles or hairs forming brushes which in side view are longest anteriorly . . 5. azteca Cameron
8. Wings mostly orange, rarely blackish; flagellum black, brownish black, or rarely orange; range—IKansas and central Texas to Arizona and northern México... . . ... . 6a, elegans cerberus Lucas
Wings entirely pieek aceltant orange; erance!Omrolnine and Austroriparian faunas. .......+.2..+. =... . 6b. elegans elegans Lepeletier
10.
11.
12.
13.
16.
ve
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 27
. Subgenital plate with a mediolongitudinal carina or a median basal carinate
process, its apical margin without a transverse carinate process . . . 10 Subgenital plate without a mediolongitudinal carina or a median basal carinate process, its apical margin with a transverse carinate process .... 13 Subgenital plate strongly decurved 2.0.0. sus 208 30.) deatmeniehe TH Subgenital plate flat or nearly fiat. . . . . SMa ceae. 2 Antennal sensoria small, hemielliptical, fornesdea Pace diieont from the surrounding integument; wings mostly blackish . . . . 7. venusta Smith
Antennal sensoria broad, as longitudinal stripes; wings mostly orange. 8. marginata Palisot
Apical edge of subgenital plate deeply notched . . . . 9. arizonica Banks Apical edge of subgenital plate semicircularly convex . . 10. aquila Lucas Subgenital plate with an apical transverse carina and a low subapical trans- verse carina which extends to either side of a subapical median tooth. 11. thisbe Lucas
Subgenital plate with apical and subapical transverse carinae but without a median tooth. .... we < 24
. Subapical carina of ean eenieal late rage Shated teen vita of subgenital
plate, ending far from the lateral edges, strongly arcuate or angulate . 16 Subapical carina of subgenital plate extending nearly to the lateral edges, not strongly arcuate or angulate. SUBSPECIES OF PALLIDOLIMBATA. .. 15
. Wings lemon yellow to yellowish brown; iridescent pubescence of head, body,
and legs with a greenish sheen.
12a. pallidolimbata pallidolimbata Lucas Wings fiery red to reddish brown; iridescent pubescence of head, body, and legs with a dark blue-green sheen . . . . 12b. pallidolimbata smithi Hurd Subapical transverse carina of subgenital plate with a strong median angula- tion; wings mostly blackish. . . . . ... . 13, mexicana Lucas Subapival transverse carina of subgenital pets evenly arcuate; wings mostly orange. SUBSPECIES OF CHRYSOTHEMIS .. . Si dee a ys Width of subapical dark band on forewing eee ie ‘Hern the length
of the first plus the second flagellar segments. 14a. chrysothemis chrysothemis Lucas Width of subapical dark band on forewing greater than the length of the first
plus the second flagellar segments . . . . 14b. chrysothemis lucasii Fox FEMALES
. Front femur beneath with very long, bristlelike hairs. . ........ 2
Front femur beneath at most with a few short hairs. . . 4
. Middle and hind femora with very long, bristlelike hairs; narddie ped Hee
tibiae each with an anterolateral and a Re foneraadiaal groove
extending nearly its length . . .. . . .. . . 9. arizonica Banks Middle and hind femora glabrous or nearlya so; middle and hind tibiae with- out longitudinal grooves. SUBSPECIES OF FORMOSA .. . Sepa cate S
se Wangs mostly OFANGer. . \sectis es, 2% la formosa fenonn (Say) Wings mostly blackish . . ... . . . . . Ib. formosa patteni Banks . Spurs of middle tibia conspicuously curved near the apex. SUBSPECIES OF ELEGANS... eh bie noth mss isto Spurs of middle abe ene or renii sliginis curv eae Seo FO ee os 5,46
. Hind tibia dorsally with very long, apically curved bristles on its entire
length; wings mostly orange; flagellum black, brownish black, or rarely Orangery <r 2 ; . . . 6a, elegans cerberus Lucas Hind tibia doceailys mite “ae Tone apioally curved bristles on only its basal third; wings entirely black; flagellum orange. 6b. elegans elegans Lepeletier
28
10.
ot
12.
13.
14.
U. 8S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
. First flagellar segment much pear than the interocular distance at the level
of the hind ocelli. . . . . stats . . 5. azteca Cameron First flagellar segment equal to or “shorter than the interocular distance at the level‘ofithe: hindi ocelliis sau.) A iio tae etree teed couture ero
. Wings mostly orange. . . Site y jae ve ace eh key Ee aa ee te segs ene LD Wings mostly or entirely Seonenle ed se nasi? ta
. Apex of forewing entirely dark; ee carina not peat the hypostomal
GAaTINA’..4. . 9 Apex of forewing whitish hy anode or ‘at least much pale! than the subapical
dark band (when this is present) ; occipital carina eee the hypostomal carina .°.. . esire : » Malis Phe Posterolateral continaatien of iramayerse groove on eecoual Sieaniie lacking or only faintly indicated; inner spur of hind tibia about as long as the outer Bpuns:, 14024 ... . . 8. marginata Palisot Posterolateral continuation of ‘transverse groove on second sternite present and deeply incised; inner spur of hind tibia much yee than the outer
SpuUlieines ete LO Flagellum with af least the tip oF the amie eeomeatn oaneee frequently several or all of its segments orange ......... . 3. mildei Stal Flagellum entirely blackish. . ... . Siteetes oe
Hind femur above with erect and peomminer bristlelike heite. these most noticeable distally; apical dark band on forewing narrow, occupying less than half of the distance from the wing tip to the third intercubital Vein atts ... . 4 angustimarginata Viereck
Hind femur with ae poet a fs pea teeenl bristlelike hairs; apical dark band on forewing broad, occupying at least half the distance from the wing tip to the third intercubital vein. SUBSPECIES OF CHRYSOTHEMIS. ... 12
Wings bright fiery red. . . . . . 14a. chrysothemis chrysothemis Lucas
Wings brownish yellow to fulvous red . . . 14b. chrysothemis lucasii Fox
Mesopleural tubercle weak, scarcely evident; forewing with a well defined subapical dark band which pales marginally to almost whitish hyaline.
11. thisbe Lucas
Mesopleural tubercle strong, elevated to form a blunt tooth; forewing with- out or with only an indistinct subapical dark band. SUBSPECIES OF PAL- LIDOLIMBATA ... . ance Gael eae Distances Sagi eee
Wings lemon yellow to yellowish prom
12a. pallidolimbata pallidcolimbata Lucas
Wings fiery red to reddish brown. . . . 12b. pallidolimbata smithi Hurd . Flagellum blackish; apices of wings whitish hyaline . . 13. mexicana Lucas Flagellum orange; wings entirely dark . . .... . . 2. saphirus Palisot
1. Pepsis formosa (Say)
There are two subspecies, with ranges as noted under each.
la. Pepsis formosa formosa (Say)
Pompilus formosus Say, 1823, Western Quarterly Reporter of Medical, Surgical,
and Natural Science, vol. 2, p. 76 (reference not seen; Leconte edition, vol. 1, pp. 91, 165), 9. Type: 9, Arkansas River within 100 miles of Rocky Mts. (destroyed).
Pepsis nephele Lucas, 1895, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 39, p. 739, 2. Type: 9,
Texas (Budapest).
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 29
Pepsis pseudoformosa Cockerell, 1898, Proc. Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 7, p. 146, &@. Types: oc, Texas; Dallas, Tex., and mountainous region, Durango, México (‘‘Mus. Berol.’’).
This subspecies ranges from northwestern México northward into Kansas and westward into northeastern Arizona and southern Nevada. It intergrades with the subspecies pattont in central and eastern Arizona.
lb. Pepsis formosa pattoni Banks
Pepsis pattoni Banks, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 94, p. 181, @, 9. Type: 9, Palmerlee, Ariz. (Cambridge). This subspecies ranges from western México (including Baja California) into southern California and southwestern Arizona.
2. Pepsis saphirus Palisot
Pepsis saphirus Palisot, 1806, Insects recueillis en Afrique et en Amérique, . , p. 39; pl. 1, fig. 4, 9. Type: 9, “Saint Domingue” (location un- known).
This species occurs in the West Indies and in southern Florida. 3. Pepsis mildei Stal
Pepsis mildei Stal, 1857, Ofvers. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Férh., vol. 14, p. 64 [sex ?]. Type: California (? Stockholm). Pepsis hesperiae Patton, 1894, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 3, p. 46, o. Type: o, Poway, San Diego County, Calif. (location unknown). Pepsis Boguei Fox, 1898, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 4, p. 146, o, 9. Lectotype: 9, locality unknown (Philadelphia). This species occurs in southwestern United States and in northern
México.
4. Pepsis angustimarginata Viereck
Pepsis angustimarginata Viereck, 1908, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 33, p. 398, 9. Type: 9, Oak Creek Canyon, 20 miles southwest of Flagstaff, Ariz. (Law- rence).
This species ranges from western Arkansas and western Texas to Utah and southeastern California and northwestern México.
5. Pepsis azteca Cameron
Pepsis azteca Cameron, 1893, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Hymenoptera, vol. 2, p. 215, 9. Type: 2, Atoyac, Vera Cruz, México (? London).
This species ranges from Panamé to south-central Texas.
6. Pepsis elegans Lepeletier
There are two subspecies, which together cover most of the Austral Region of the United States and northern México. 347756—-57 8
30 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
6a. Pepsis elegans cerberus Lucas
Pepsis cerberus Lucas, 1895, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr. vol. 39, p. 790, co. Lectotype: o’, Texas (Budapest). Pepsis inermis Fox, 1898, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 4, pp. 141, 146, 9. Lectotype: 9, Texas (Philadelphia). This subspecies ranges from Kansas and central Texas to Arizona and northern México. It intergrades with the subspecies elegans in east-central Texas.
6b. Pepsis elegans elegans Lepeletier
Pepsis elegans Lepeletier, 1845, Histoire naturelle des insectes, hyménoptéres, vol. 3, p. 489, &. Type: o, Pennsylvania (? Paris).
Pepsis dubitata Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. svol 1 pe i444 oa Lectotype: 2, Georgia (Philadelphia).
This subspecies occurs in the Carolinian and Austroriparian faunas.
7. Pepsis venusta Smith
Pepsis venusta Smith, 1855, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the British Museum, vol. 3, p. 196, @. Type: o, Tabajos, Brazil (London). This species occurs from Brazil to southern Arizona. The female is unknown.
8. Pepsis marginata Palisot
Pepsis marginata Palisot, 1809, Insects recueillis en Afrique et en Amérique,. . . , p. 94, pl. 2, figs. 2, 3, #, 9. Types: &, 9, “Saint Domingue” (location unknown).
Pepsis heros Dahlbom, 1844, Hymenoptera Europaea ... , vol. 1, p. 122, 9. Type: 9, Santo Domingo (?Lund).
This species occurs in the West Indies and southern Florida.
9. Pepsis arizonica Banks
Pepsis arizonica Banks, 1921. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 14, pp. 21-22, 23, &. Type: o', Huachuca Mts. (Cambridge).
Pepsis hirsuta Salman, 1933, Pan-Pacifie Ent. vol. 9, p.9, 9. Type: 9, southern Arizona (Cambridge).
This species occurs in north-central México, western Texas, southern Arizona, and southeastern California.
10. Pepsis aquiia Lucas
Pepsis aquila Lucas, 1895, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 39, p. 797, &@. Type: &, México (Budapest).
This species occurs in north-central México and in southern Arizona and New Mexico. The female is unknown.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI om
11. Pepsis thisbe Lucas
PLATE 1, FIGURE 2
Pepsis thisbe Lucas, 1895, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 39, p. 744, o', 9. Types: o, 9, Cuernavaca and mountainous region of Durango in México (‘‘Mus, caes. Vindob.”’ and ‘‘Mus. Berol.’’).
Pepsis sayi Banks, 1926, Canadian Ent., vol. 58, p. 202, co (9 misdetermined). Lectotype: o, San Emigdo Canyon, Kern County, Calif. (Cambridge). Pepsis sherillae Hurd, 1948, Univ. California Pub. Ent., vol. 8, p. 146, @. Type:
o', 8 miles west of Needles, Calif. (Riverside).
This is a common species in the Upper and Lower Sonoran faunas. 12. Pepsis pallidolimbata Lucas
There are two subspecies, which together range through the south- western United States and northern México.
12a. Pepsis pallidolimbata pallidolimbata Lucas
Pepsis pallidolimbata Lucas, 1895, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 39, p. 745, 9? Type: 9, northwest America (‘‘Mus. caes. Vindob.’’). Pepsis bequaerti Salman, 1928, Pan-Pacific Ent., vol. 5, p. 23, #@. Type: 3, Valentine, Tex. (Cambridge). This subspecies occurs in most of the Upper and Lower Sonoran faunas. It is replaced in central California by the subspecies smithi.
12b. Pepsis pallidolimbata smithi Hurd
Pepsis pallidolimbata smithi Hurd, 1948. Univ. California Pub. Ent., vol. 8, p. 142, o&, 9. Type: oc, Corral Hollow, Alameda County, Calif. (San Francisco).
This subspecies occurs in the San Joaquin Valley of central Cali- fornia and in the adjacent foothills.
13. Pepsis mexicana Lucas
Pepsis mexicana Lucas, 1895, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 36, p. 566, 7, 9. Types: o', 9. México and Cuernavaca in México (‘‘Mus. caes. Vindob.” and ‘“‘Mus. Berol.’’). :
This species occurs from southwestern Texas and southern Arizona, New Mexico, and California southward to Colombia.
14. Pepsis chrysothemis Lucas
There are two subspecies, which together occur from Texas to the Pacific Coast and in northern México.
32 U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
14a. Pepsis chrysothemis chrysothemis Lucas
Pepsis chrysothemis Lucas, 1895, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 39, p. 739, @. Types: 3", México and Texas (Mus. Berol.” and “Mus. caes. Vindob.”)
Pepsis cinnabarina Lucas, 1895, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 39, p. 804, ?. Types: 9 9, México and Coulterville, Calif. (Mus. Berol.”, “Mus. caes. Vindob.”, and “Mus. Brem.’’).
This subspecies occurs from the Big Bend part of Texas to the vicinity of San Francisco, and southward to northern México.
14b. Pepsis chrysothemis lucasii Fox
Pepsis Lucasii Fox, 1898, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 4, p. 145, 9. Type: 9, Texas (Philadelphia).
This subspecies occurs in the eastern half of Texas and in north- eastern México.
Genus Hemipepsis Dahlbom
Hemipepsis Dahlbom, 1844, Hymenoptera Europaea, . . ., vol. 1, p. 123. Type: Hemipepsis capensis Dahlbom; designated by Ashmead, 1900.
Pallosoma Lepeletier, 1845, Histoire naturelle des insects hyménoptéres, vol. 3, p. 492. Type: Pallosoma barbara Lepeletier; designated by Ashmead, 1900.
Tetraodontonyx Ashmead, 1900, Canadian Ent., vol. 32, p. 187. Type: (Tetra- odontonyx rufipes Ashmead) = heros Guérin; original designation.
Tetracryptocheilus Zavattari, 1907, Bol. Mus. Zool. ed Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, vol. 22, No. 555, p. 4. Type: Cryptocheilus (Tetracryptocheilus) ascensi Zavattari; original designation.
Tetracryptochilus Schulz, 1911, Zoologische Annalen, vol. 4, p. 112. Emendation.
Trichonyz Haupt, 1929, Rev. Zool. Bot. Africaines, vol. 17, p. 195. Type: Hemi- pepsis unguicularis Kohl; original designation.
Pachynimia Haupt, 1929, Rev. Zool. Bot. Africaines, vol. 17, pp. 197, 202. Type: Priocnemis tinctor Saussure; original designation.
Xenopepsis Arnold, 1932, Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 14, pp. 291, 323, 367. Type: Hemipepsis (Xenopepsis) commizta Arnold; original designation.
Moropepsis Banks, 1934, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 69, pp. 6, 8. Type: Hemipepsis (Moropepsis) croesus Banks; monobasic.
Hovagenia Banks, 1941, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 92, p. 343. Type: Hovagenia saussuret Banks; original designation.
Large or very large species of average stoutness, the Nearctic species with the forewing 11 to 27 mm. long; clypeus moderately large; pronotum moderately long, its hind margin arcuate; second inter- cubital vein somewhat curved; second recurrent vein reaching second cubital cell near its apical 0.1; cubital vein reaching the wing margin; base of first discoidal cell containing a conspicuous subcircular irregu- larity in the membrane; nervulus beyond basal vein by 0.2 to 0.4 its length; nervellus ending beyond juncture of cubitella with discoidella; anal lobe about 0.9 as long as submediella (pl. 1, fig. 3); hind tibia with « dorsal serration or rippled carina; brush on inner side of hind tibia rather broad, without a subapical constriction; last tarsal segment
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 5
with two regular rows of bristles beneath; tarsal claws ordinarily with two to four erect acute teeth beneath, the basal ones often difficult to observe (the claws are reported as “‘bifid”’ in the Ethiopian Hemipepsis commixta); empodium large, about 0.75 as wide as apical width of last tarsal segment, with a regular apical fringe of about 14 to 40 setae (in all other Pepsinae the empodium is slender, about 0.5 as wide as apical width of last tarsal segment, and with a sparser, less regular fringe of about 8 setae).
This genus includes many large, strikingly colored species of the Old World Tropics. In the New World it is replaced largely by the genus Pepsis and is represented there by only a few species in Central America and México, of which three reach the southwestern United States. Some of the names indicated in the generic synonymy are used for subgenera by Arnold (1932, p. 291) and by Banks (1934, loc. cit.). I have not tried to test their conclusions on the use of subgenera, and for the present refer all of our Nearctic species to a Hemipepsis without subgeneric divisions.
Keys to the Nearctic species of Hemipepsis MALES
1. Wings light brownish fuscous; flagellum orange apically, blackish basally. 3. mexicana (Cresson) Wings mostly orange, fuscous at the base and apex; flagellum blackish. . .2 2. Nervellus beyond the cubitella by 0.2 to 0.35 the average width of the sub- median cell; suberect hair on clypeus and face averaging about 0.6 as long as the median length of theclypeus. .. . . . . 1. toussainti (Banks) Nervellus beyond the cubitella by about 0.6 ee average width of the submedian cell; suberect hair on clypeus and face averaging about 0.4 as long as the median length of the clypeus. SUBSPECIES OF USTULATA ....... 3 3. Base of forewing infuscate for a distance equal to 0.5 or more the length of the anal lobe; base of hind wing infuscate for a distance equal to 0.8 or more the
length of the anal lobe; forewing averaging about 20 mm. long.
2a. ustulata ustulata Dahlbom Base of forewing infuscate for a distance equal to about 0.3 the length of the anal lobe; base of hind wing infuscate for a distance equal to about 0.4 the length of the anal lobe, the lobe itself usually mostly fuscous; forewing
averaging about 17 mm.long. ... .. .2b. ustulata ochroptera Stil. FEMALES
1. Flagellum beyond first segment orange. . ......2.2+.4-+.2++-..2
Flagellum beyond first segment blackish. SUBSPECIES OF USTULATA. . . .3
2. Lateral ocellus separated from the eye by about 1.0 its diameter; clypeus with a subapical row of about 4 to 8 long suberect hairs, above which are a few shorter suberect hairs that are less than a third as long as the subapical row; long suberect hairs of head and thorax sparse; dorsal longitudinal carina on hind tibia with only a weak ripple to indicate rudimentary teeth.
3. mexicana (Cresson)
34 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Lateral ocellus separated from the eye by about 3.5 its diameter; clypeus with a subapical row of about 4 to 8 long suberect hairs, above which are many shorter suberect hairs which are more than half as long as the subapical row; long suberect hairs of head and thorax abundant; dorsal longitudinal carina onhind tibia subserrate. ....-++-+--+--. 1. toussainti (Banks)
3. Base of forewing infuscate for a distance equal to 0.5 or more the length of the anal lobe; base of hind wing infuscate for a distance equal to 0.6 or more the length of the anal lobe; forewing averaging about 23 mm. long.
2a. ustulata ustulata Dahlbom
Base of forewing infuscate for a distance equal to 0.4 or less the length of the anal lobe; base of hind wing infuscate for a distance equal to 0.3 or less the length of the anal lobe, the anal lobe itself mostly or entirely infuscate (pl. 1, fig. 3); forewing averaging about 21 mm. long.
2b. ustulata ochroptera Stal.
Figure 10.—Localities for Hemipepsis toussaintt.
1. Hemipepsis toussainti (Banks) Mygnimia toussainti Banks, 1928, Studies on Cuban insects (Harvard Univ. Press), vol. 1, p. 5, &@. Type: o, Port au Prince, Haiti (Cambridge).
Forewing 17 to 20 mm. long in the male, 23 to 27 mm. long in the female; long suberect hair on basal part of male clypeus about 0.6 as long as the apical width of the clypeus; nervellus beyond the cubitella by 0.2 to 0.35 the average width of the submediellan cell; median ventral row of bristles on last segment of female tarsi restricted to its basal 0.5 to 0.65. Otherwise structurally similar to H. ustulata.
Colored as in H. ustulata ustulata except that in the male the basal and apical infuscation of the wings is a little broader and that in the female the flagellum is orange, with the basal 0.4+ of its first segment infuscate, the mesoscutum has only a very small amount of greenish blue iridescence visible at some angles, and the apical part of the forewing is a little less abruptly infuscate. The male flagellum is sometimes tinged with orange beneath.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 35
SPECIMENS: 92, Carr Canyon, Huachuca Mts. at 7,500 ft., Ariz., July 29, 1948, H. E. Evans (Evans). 9, Cave Creek, 9,800 ft., Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., July 1927, J. A. Kusche (Berkeley). 9, 20 miles west of Flagstaff, Ariz., Oct. 4, 1904 (Washington). 9, near Grafton, N. Mex., 1863, J. B. Adams (Washington). 9%, Amecameca, México, June 30, 1897, O. W. Barrett (Washington). o, Distrito Federal, México, L. Conradi (Washington). oo’, near Mexico City, July 1897, O. W. Barrett (Washington). 9, Tlalpam (near Mexico City), México, July 2, 1942, W. F. Foshag (Washington). 9, 5 miles east of Coyotes, Durango, México, Aug. 4, 1951, H. E. Evans (Berk- eley and Evans). 2 9, west slope of Popocatépetl at 9,600 ft., México, July 5, 1951, H. E. Evans (Evans). oo’, 5 9, 5 miles west of Zacapu, Michoacan, México, July 13, 1951, P. D. Hurd and H. E. Evans (Berkeley and Evans). o (type), Port au Prince, Haiti, W. M. Mann (Cambridge).
This species occurs in Arizona, New Mexico, México, and Haiti.
2. Hemipepsis ustulata Dahlbom
Forewing 11 to 25 mm. long in the male, 14 to 27 mm. long in the female ;lateral ocellusseparated from the eye by about 3.5 its diameter; head and thorax with numerous long suberect hairs, especially dense in the male; clypeus of male with dense long suberect hair, that on its basal part about 0.4 as long as the apical width of the clypeus; clypeus of female with a subapical row of about 4 to 8 long suberect hairs, above which are many shorter suberect hairs which are more than haif as long as the subapical row; nervellus joining the mediella beyond the cubitella by about 0.7 the average width of the sub- mediellan cell; under side of last segment of female tarsi basally with a median row of bristles that extends not more than 0.4 the length of the segment, or the bristle row incomplete or absent; external longi- tudinal carina of female hind tibia scalloped into a row of acute teeth.
Black, with black pubescence, hair, and bristles. Female meso- scutum, when viewed from the front, with a little bluish iridescence; wings orange, their apical margins and the hind margin of the hind wing infuscate, their bases more or less infuscate according to the subspecies.
This species is represented by two subspecies—ustulata, a wide- spread form, and ochroptera restricted almost entirely to California.
2a. Hemipepsis ustulata ustulata Dahlbom
Hemipepsis ustulata Dahlbom, 1843, Hymenoptera Europaea, vol. 1, p. 123, 9. Type: 9, ‘‘Mexico” (Lund).
Mygnimia cressoni Banks, 1926, Canadian Ent., vol. 58, p. 203, [@, 9]. Type: o', Fedor, Lee County, Tex. (Cambridge).
36 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Figure 11.—Localities for Hemipepsis ustulata ustulata.
Forewing of male 15 to 25 mm. long, of female 17 to 27 mm. long. Blackish color at wing bases conspicuous, extending on the wing bases more than half the length of the anal lobe.
Banks proposed the name cressoni for this form because Dahlbom described his ustulata from “México” and mentioned a bluish colora- tion. The female of the present form does have some bluish irides- cence, and it must be remembered that in 1842 much of what is now in the southwestern United States belonged to México. Miss Louise Russell has compared specimens from Texas with Dahlbom’s type for me, and reports that they agree very well.
SPECIMENS (9807, 1129): From Arizona (Ajo, Alamo Canyon in the Ajo Mts., Ash Creek at 3,200 ft. in the Graham Mts., Bowie, Congress Junction, Cornville, Douglas, Flagstaff, Fort Grant, Ganado, Grand Canyon, Huachuca Mts., Hualpal Mt., base of Humphrey’s Peak at 9,500 ft., Maricopa Mts., Navajo County, Oak Creek Canyon at 6,000 ft., Phoenix, Post Creek Canyon in the Pinaleno Mts., Sabino Canyon in the Santa Catalina Mts. at 4,000 ft., San Bernadino Ranch in Cochise County at 3,750 ft., Springerville at 7,000 ft., Tucson, and Williams) ; California (Compton, Los Angeles County, New York Mts., and Santa Rosa Mts.) ; Colorado (Arboles) ; Kansas (Chautauqua County, Clark County, Garden City, Grant County, Hamilton Coun- ty, Manhattan, Marion County, Meade County, Morton County, and Seward County); Oklahoma (Ardmore); New Mexico (El Rito, Jemez Springs, Las Vegas Hot Springs, Luna at 7,300 ft., Magdalena Mts., and White Sands); Texas (Amarillo, Bastrop County, Brazos County, Burnet, Calvert, Cisco, Chinati Mt., Chisos Mts., College Station, Clarendon, Dallas, Dimmit County, Eastland County, El Paso, Fedor, near Fort Davis, Friona, Glenn Springs in Brewster County, Hunt County, Limpia Canyon in the Davis Mts. at 5,000 ft., Marfa,
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI a7
Maxwell, McKinney, Paris, Shiloh, Stanton, Waco, Wichita Falls, and Williamson County); Utah (Bear Valley, Bellevue, and Zion Park); and México (Distrito Federal, La Laguna in the Sierra Laguna of Baja California, Nuevo Laredo, Palos Colorados at 8,000 ft. in Durango, San Bartola Dam in Baja California, Zacapt in Michoacan, and Zimapin in Hidalgo).
Collection dates range from Apr. 1 at Douglas, Ariz., to Dec. 26 in Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mits., Ariz. Relatively few of the collection dates fall after Oct. 5, and no males are on record after Oct. 14. Flower records comprise Polytaenia nuttallii and Daucus carota.
This is a conspicuous form in the southwestern United States (except California) and adjacent México, occurring abundantly in the Lower and Upper Sonoran faunal areas and commonly in the Transi- tion. J have seen it in numbers in April in the Sonoran desert of Arizona, where the males often perch in the tops of the highest palo verde trees (Cercidium microphyllum) on the crests of the desert hills. For remarks on intergrading with the subspecies ochroptera, see under that form.
2b. Hemipepsis ustulata ochroptera Stal PuaTE 1, FIGURE 3
Hemipepsis ochroptera Stal, 1857, Ofvers. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Férh., vol. 14, p. 64. Type: California (lost).
Mygnimia hesperina Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 61, p. 102, 3, ?. Type: 9, Stanford University, Calif. (Cambridge).
Forewing of male 11 to 23 mm. long, of female 14 to 27 mm. long. Blackish color at wing bases not conspicuous, extending on the wing bases less than half the length of the anal lobe, though the lobe itself is largely or entirely infuscate.
Ficure 12.—Localities for Hemipepsis ustulata ochroptera.
38 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Stal’s description of his ochroptera is meager, but agrees with the present form perfectly and there are no other species of the genus in California. The possibility that he may have had a Cryptocheilus instead of a Hemipepsis has been considered but seems remote in view of the fact that the two other species of Hemipepsis that Stal described at the same time (the Ethiopian iodoptera and ochropus) are known to have been correctly placed.
Specimens (587, 662): From California (Antioch, Benicia, Ben- ton Station in Modoc County, Berkeley, Brentwood, Byron, Camp Baldy in Los Angeles County, Coalinga, Colton, Concord, Davis, Escondido, Hastings Reserve in Monterey County, Humboldt County, Jamesburg, Menlo Park, Middleton, Mill Valley, Morgan Hill, Mountain View, Niles, Palm Desert in Riverside County, Redwood City, San Diego County, San Joaquin Experimental Range in Madera County, San Jose, San Rafael, Santa Paula, Sonoma County, Stan- ford University, and Telsa); and Nevada (Buffalo Valley in Lander County). Also, there are a few specimens somewhat intermediate to the subspecies ustulata from Arizona (Pima County and Springer- ville) and Nevada (Mesquite, Pyramid, and Reno).
Dates of collection are from Apr. 15 at Berkeley, Calif., to October at Mountain View, Calif. Most of them fall in the summer months.
This subspecies appears to be common in the Upper and Lower Sonoran faunas of middle and southern California. Specimens from southern California (San Diego, etc.) are somewhat intermediate to the subspecies ustulata, and additional more or less intermediate forms are on hand from Nevada, Utah, and northern Arizona. The Utah intermediates and most of those from northern Arizona are recorded under ustulata ustulata, as they seem to fit best there.
3. Hemipepsis mexicana (Cresson)
Mygnimia mexicana Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1., p. 143, @. Lectotype: 2, Vera Cruz, Mexico (Philadelphia).
Forewing 11.5 to 18 mm. long in the male, 17 to 22 mm. long in the female; lateral ocellus separated from the eye by about 1.0 to 1.5 its diameter in the male, and by about 1.0 its diameter in the female; head and thorax with suberect hairs, moderately dense in the male and sparse in the female; clypeus of male with some suberect hair of moderate length; clypeus of female with a subapical row of 4 to 8 long suberect hairs, above which are a few shorter suberect hairs that are less than a third as long as the subapical row; nervellus joining the mediella only slightly beyond (about 1 to 2 times the width of the vein) the cubitella; under side of last segment of female tarsi with a median basal row of about 2 or 3 bristles, these all basad
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 39
of the middle; external longitudinal carina of female hind tibia subentire, with only a weak ripple to indicate rudimentary teeth.
Mate: Blackish brown. Pubescence and hairs brown; face yellow or blackish brown with lateral yellow marks; clypeus yellow with a brown median mark or blackish brown marked with yellow laterally; labrum and part of mandible yellowish; antenna orange, but fuscous above, the fuscous fading out at the apical 0.65 to leave the apical part entirely orange; hind edge of pronotum with a yellowish stripe; wings yellowish brown; front tibia and tarsus, more or less of the front femur except basally, and often the middle tibia and tarsus yellowish brown.
Frmate: Black. Pubescence and hairs dark brown; flagellum orange except for a basal section of its first segment; wings orange, the apical margin of the forewing a little infuscate.
Figure 13.—Locality for Hemipepsis mexicana.
SPECIMENS: 9, Phantom Lake, Davis Mts., Fort Davis Quad- rangle, Tex., June 5, 1916, F. M. Gaige (Ann Arbor). 39, at light, Cairo, Costa Rica, Apr. 21, 1944, P. K. Knight (Washington and Lawrence). 49, San Carlos, Costa Rica, Schild and Burgdorf (Wash- ington). o, Zarzero, Costa Rica, Schild and Burgdorf (Washington). 9, Cayuga, Guatemala, Aug. 1915, W. Schaus (Washington). @, San Pedro Sula, Honduras, W. M. Mann (Washington). @, Vera Cruz, México, F. Mawcinitt (Washington). @ (type) Vera Cruz, México (Philadelphia). 100%, Barro Colorado Island, Panama, various dates from Apr. 15 to June 14, J. Zetek and S. W. Frost (Washington). 39, Barro Colorado Island, Panamd, May 23 to 24 and Sept. 5, J. Zetek (Washington). 39, Cabima, Panama, May 21, 26, and 29, 1911, A. Busck (Washington). @, La Chorrera, Panama, May 12, 1912, A. Busck (Washington).
40 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
This species occurs from Panam& to the Big Bend country of Texas. The collection of three females at light at Cairo, Costa Rica is of interest, as it is another case of a species with enlarged ocelli coming to lights at night.
Genus Priocnessus Banks
Priocnessus Banks, 1925. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 47, p. 337. Type: Salius neotropicalis Cameron; designated by Pate, 1946.
Cressochilus Banks, 1941. Canadian Ent., vol. 73, pp. 119, 120. Type: Pompilus nuperus Cresson; original designation.
Amerocnemis Banks, 1945. Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 4, p. 93. Type: Ameroc- nemis bequaerti Banks; original designation.
Medium sized to moderately large species, of rather slender build, the forewing in Nearctic species 6.5 to 17 mm. long; clypeus very large, convex, in some males with a highly modified shape; pronotum short, its hind margin arcuate; second intercubital vein somewhat curved; second recurrent vein reaching second cubital cell at or just beyond its middle; cubital vein fading out before reaching the wing margin; base of first discoidal cell with a faint subcircular irregularity in its membrane; nervulus beyond the basal vein by 0.3 to 1.2 its length; nervellus ending at or beyond juncture of cubitella with discoidella; anal lobe about 0.7 to 0.8 as long as submediella (pl. 1, fig. 4); hind tibia with a strong dorsal serration; brush on inner side of hind tibia of moderate width, without a subapical constriction; last tarsal segment without or with a few preapical bristles beneath; tooth on tarsal claw of female erect and acute, that on tarsal claw of male usually more or less modified, sometimes in the form of a subbasal lobe.
Priocnessus is a typical case of a Neotropic genus with intrusions into the southern portions of the Nearctic region. No species are known from the Eastern Hemisphere. The described Neotropic species known to me are Pompilus (Priocnemis) cincticornis Cresson 1867, Salius (Priocnemis) neotropicalis Cameron 1891, Priocnemella monticola Banks 1938, Priocnessus prominens Banks 1945, Ameroc- nemis bequaertt Banks 1945, and Priophanes ornata Banks 1945. The last species has not previously been referred to Priocnessus. The genus is much larger in the Neotropics than this small number of described species might indicate. There are six Nearctic species.
Key to the Nearctic species of Priocnessus
lead jand body srufous, or mostly, rufous... : 45> peel eee eee 2 Head and'body blacks.) oe ee 67S ahs ene, cee Tee te ene some 4
2. Forewing subhyaline, with three brown cross-bands (pl. 2, fig. 16). 4. apache (Banks)
Forewing uniformly dark brown é,7sjc;cdealk) olecclt A. GIB. Glos 3
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 4]
3. Female without preapical bristles on the under side of the fifth tarsal segment. Mealeninknowny peternett ints eel ea) . . . & coloradensis (Banks) Female with 3 to 10 Sepia bristles on the under side of the fifth tarsal seg- ment. Male with numerous specializations which should permit easy distinc-
tion from those of P. coloradensis (see their description under the species).
6. nuperus (Cresson)
4. Wings orange. . Cease et er crite io tacineg Os (aaa aa new species Wings subhyaline a ipeckieh Sgt ap blaine Tate 5. Flagellum black; male clypeus white or hostile niieee inner Aa of female not tinged with orange... . . . .. . 1. nebulcsus (Dahlbom) Flagellum orange; male flemeus blag inner orbit of female tinged with OLAMEDs fos is < & ca ah eta so cd ye) cial wi .clbavint es, Gake@baet Oresson)
Ficure 14.—Localities for Priocnessus nebulosus.
1. Priocnessus nebulosus (Dahibom) PLATE 1, FIGURE 4
Priocnemis nebulosus Dahlbom, 1843, Hymenoptera Europaea, vol. 1, p. 96. Type: ?, South Carolina (Lund).
Pompilus (Agenia) pulchrinus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 126. Lectotype: &, West Virginia (Philadelphia).
Priocnemis subconicus Rohwer, 1911, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 40, p. 556. Type: 9, Lawrence, Kans. (Washington).
Priocnemis leibyt Brimley, 1928, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., vol. 48, p. 203 (new synonymy). Type: o', Edgecombe County, N. C. (Raleigh).
Mate: Forewing 6.5 to 9.5 mm. long; clypeus rather weakly convex, its apical margin with a weak median tooth, its lateral margin with an impressed flange that is widest apically; flagellar segments without a longitudinal groove; middle and hind coxae not unusually enlarged; hind trochanter without an apical tubercle; subgenital plate tongue- shaped, its median longitudinal raised area a narrow ridge which is
42 U. S. NATIONAL: MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
evanescent apically and somewhat higher, broadened, and flat-topped basally.
Black. Part of mandible, clypeus except for a median spot reaching its apex, face except at the middle, lower lateral part of frons, narrow hind orbit, front of front coxa, usually the knees narrowly, outside of front tibia, tibial spurs, usually most of first three tarsal segments except at their bases and apices, and most of seventh tergite, white; tegula brown; wings hyaline, their apices infuscate, the forewing with a more or less distinct, short postdiscal fascia centering just beyond the apex of the stigma.
A distinetive color variant has the black of the femora and tibiae replaced by fulvous, and often the black of the coxae (especially of the front coxa) stained or replaced by fulvous. The type of Prioc- nemis leibyt belongs to this variety. A female of corresponding color has not yet been collected.{#Another color variation, this one forming a geographic cline, involves the wing color. Male specimens from Florida have the wings, especially the apical half of the forewing, strongly infuscate. This Floridian tendency toward wing darkening is present in a diminishing degree in Lower Austral localities increas- ingly distant from Florida, being still evident in the Lower Austral Zone of North Carolina.
Frmaue: Forewing 9.5 to 14 mm. long; bind tibia with its dorsal teeth rather weak and the bristles in its dorsolateral row about 0.55 as long as the distance between their sockets; last segment of tarsi without preapical bristles beneath.
Black. Flagellum black; front orbit usually with narrow fulvous stain; wings blackish, the forewing with faintly darkened cross-bands at the apex, just beyond the apex of the stigma, and along the basal vein and nervulus; hind wing a little paler than the fore wing, darkened apically.
Females from the Lower Austral Zone tend to have the wings a little darker than females from the Upper Austral and Transition Zones.
SPECIMENS (5507, 849): From Alabama (Spring Hill); Connecticut (Colebrook and East Hartford); District of Columbia; Florida (Brevard County, Buena Vista, Citrus County, Larkins, Ocala, Orange County, Orlando, St. Johns River, St. Nicholas, and Tarpon Springs); Georgia (Alma and Atlanta); Iowa (Sioux City); Kansas (Baldwin, Douglas County, Leavenworth County, Manhattan, Onaga, and Randolph); Louisiana (Shreveport); Maryland (Cabin John, Glen Echo, Mayo Beach, Plummers Island, and Takoma Park); Massachusetts (Boston and South Natick); Michigan (Cheboygan and Newaygo County); New Hampshire (Alton, Belknap County, and Pelham); New Jersey (Chatsworth, Fort Lee, and Moorestown); New
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 43
York (Ithaca); North Carolina (Blowing Rock, Crabtree Meadows at 3,600 ft. in Yancey County, and Wallace); Ohio (Hocking County); Ontario (Ottawa); Pennsylvania (Carlisle Junction, Highspire, Moosic, Mount Holly Springs, Overbrook, Roxborough, Pike County, and White Haven); South Carolina (Table Rock State Park); Texas (Rusk); and Virginia (Arlington, Falls Church, Great Falls, Rosslyn, Whiele, and Vienna).
The normal season of flight seems to be about July 1 to Sept. 10. Unusually early and late dates of collection are: Mar. 20 at Tarpon Springs, Fla.; Apr. 5 at Plummers Island, Md.; Apr. 6 at Ocala, Fla.; May 12 at Rusk, Tex.; May 16 in Orange County, Fla.; June 4 in Seminole County, Fla.; June 7 at Shreveport, La.; June 16 at Atlanta, Ga.; June 17 at Wallace, N. C.; June 22 at Washington, D. C.; June 23 at Takoma Park, Md.; July 7 at Moorestown, N. J.; Sept. 2 at North Fairhaven, N. Y.; Sept. 6 at East Hartford, Conn.; Sept. 9 at Blowing Rock, N. C.; Sept. 10 at Table Rock State Park, S. C.; Sept. 12 at Great Falls, Va.; Sept. 13 at Cabin John, Md.; Sept. 19 at Pelham, N. H.; and Oct. 1 at Manhattan, Kans. Both sexes have been taken at honeydew and there are three prey records—a female taken at Washington, D. C., July 10, 1947, by Richard Boettcher, transporting an immature Agelenopsis; a female taken at Overbrook, Pa., July 19, 1914, by G. M. Greene, transporting an Agelenopsis naevia; and a female taken at Manhattan, Kans., Aug. 28, 1949, by H. E. Evans, transporting a female Agelenopsis pennsylvanica.
The above records all apply to the typical color form. Males with fulvous legs (variety leibyi) have been taken as follows: 207, Atlanta, Ga., June 16 and 19, 1942, P. W. Fattig (Emory Univ. and Washing- ton). oo (type), Edgecombe County, N. C., June 24, 1924, C. S. Brimley (Raleigh). 6, Raleigh, N. C., May 1, 1935 (State College, Raleigh). <, Raleigh, N. C., June 16, 1927, C. S. Brimley (Raleigh). o', Southern Pines, N.C., June 19, 1949, H. and M. Townes (Townes). o', Wake County, N.C., July 1, 1951, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 5c’, Wallace, N. C., June 17, 1949, H. Townes (Townes and Dreis- bach). 07, Columbia, 8. C., May 25, 1951, G. F. Townes (G. Townes). o', Morris, Tex., May 22, 1937 (Krombein). It should be noted that all of these males were collected earlier in the season than is normal for the typical form. With the five males from Wallace, N. C., three males of the typical form were collected on the same day and in the same habitat.
This species occurs in Ontario and in most of the eastern half of the United States. The normal flight range is about July 1 to Sept. 10, but it is on the wing commonly in May, and in Florida in April.
44 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
2. Priocnessus dakota (Cresson)
Pompilus (Agenia) dakota Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 124, o'. Type: o, “Dakota” (Philadelphia).
Pompilus (Agenia) dakota pallidicornis Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 124, @ (preoccupied; new synonymy). Type: o, West Virginia (Philadelphia).
Priocnemis (Priocnessus) kiowa Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p. 12. Type: 9, Wathena, Kans. (Cambridge).
Figure 15.—Localities for Priocnessus dakota.
Mate: Forewing 9.5 to 13 mm. long. Structure as described for the male of P. nebulosus.
Black. Clypeus, mandibles, and hind orbits faintly tinged with fulvous; front orbits and flagellum orange, the basal one or two and apical three or four segments partly infuscate; wings blackish.
Femaue: Forewing 12 to 15.5 mm. long; hind tibia with its dorsal teeth moderately strong and the bristles in its dorsolateral row about 0.6 as long as the distance between their sockets; last segment of tarsi without preapical bristles beneath.
Black. Flagellum orange, somewhat infuscate at the base and apex; wings black.
SPECIMENS: 29, Lyme, Conn., July 8, and 22, 1918, W.S. Fisher (Washington). o (type of dakota), Dakota (Philadelphia). 267, Atlanta, Ga., June 29 and July 6, 1936, P. W. Fattig (Emory Univ. and Cambridge). o', Head River, Ga., July 17, 1936, P. W. Fattig (Cambridge). o, Sittons Gulch, Ga., July 24, 1936, P. W. Fattig (Emory Univ.). 9, Cheyenne County, Kans., F. X. Williams (Lawrence). @ (type of kiowa), Wathena, Kans., July 22, 1908, W. M. Mann (Washington). o, 9, Cape May, N. J., July 8 and 9, 1937, W. Stone (Ithaca). ©, Moorestown, N. J., June 30, 19389,
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI A5
H. and M. Townes (Townes). * o, Cruso, N. C., June 27, 1934 (State College, Raleigh). 9, Mount Holly Springs, Pa., July 7, 1918, R. M. Fouts (Washington). o (type of pallidicornis), W. Va. (Philadelphia). 2, FallsiChurch, Va., June 28 and July 4, N. Banks (Cambridge). 9%, on Lariodendron honeydew, Falls Church, Va., July 17, N. Banks (Cambridge). 29, Nelson County, Va., July 5, 1925, and Aug. 14, 1924, W. Robinson (Washington).
This species occurs over most of the eastern half of the United States but is uncommon. Adults have been taken from June 27 to Aug. 14.
3. Priocnessus coloradensis (Banks)
Cryptocheilus coloradensis Banks, 1910. Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 18, p. 121, 9. Type: 2, Clear Creek, Colo. (Cambridge).
Matz: Unknown.
Frmaue: Forewing 13.5 to 14.5 mm. long; hind tibia with its dorsal row of teeth strong and the bristles in its dorsolateral row short, only about 0.5 as long as the distance between their sockets; last segment of tarsi without preapical bristles beneath.
Ficure 16.—Localities for Priocnessus coloradensts.
Rufous. Usually the ocellar area and a line connecting the ocellar area with the eye, upper side of apical four flagellar segments, under side of thorax, various areas along the thoracic sutures and surrounding the scutellum, often the transverse groove of the pronotum, base and apex of propodeum, a complete or incomplete median longitudinal stripe on propodeum, fore coxa behind, middle and hind coxae basally, inwardly and ventrally, part of trochanters, apical one or two segments of tarsi, and base of first abdominal segment, blackish; wings uni- formly dark brown.
347756—57——-4
46 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Specimens: 9, Bear Creek, Colo., September (Washington). 9, Boulder, Colo., Aug. 7, 1906, W. P. Cockerell (Washington). 9 (type), Clear Creek, Colo., Oslar (Cambridge). 9, Kerrville, Tex., June 2, 1906, F. C. Pratt (Washington). 9, Lee County, Tex., June (Cambridge).
4. Priocnessus apache (Banks) (PLATE 2, FIGURE 16
Priocnemis (Priocnessus) apache Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p.11, 9. Type: Q, Apache Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts. at 5,500 ft., Ariz. (Cambridge). Mate: Forewing 11 to 13 mm. long. Structure as described for the male of P. nebulosus. Light rufous. A spot in front of front ocellus, upper side of flagel- lum, thorax near bases of wings and of coxae, and base of abdomen,
Figure 17.—Localities for Priocnessus apache.
fuscous, the extent of the fuscous quite different in the two specimens at hand; coxae sometimes blackish basally; middle and hind tarsi fus- cous apically; wings lightly suffused with yellowish brown, the hind wing a little less so than the forewing; forewing with three transverse brown bands, one across the apex, one centering just beyond the apex of the stigma, and one along the basal vein and nervulus; hind wing tinged with brown apically; seventh tergite with a large whitish spot. The male from Texas has the fuscous markings much more extensive than the male from Arizona.
Frmaue: Forewing 11 to 15 mm. long; hind tibia with its dorsal teeth strong and the bristles in its dorsolateral row about 0.65 as long as the distance between their sockets; last segment of tarsi without preapical bristles beneath.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 47
Light rufous. Flagellum somewhat infuscate apically; bases of coxae and thorax near the coxal and hind wing articulations, and base of first tergite more or less infuscate; wings strongly suffused with yellowish brown, the forewing with three transverse brown bands as described for the male, the hind wing brownish apically.
SPECIMENS: 9, Baboquivari Mts., Ariz., Aug. 15, 1924, O. C. Poling (Berkeley). 9, Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mts., Ariz., Sept. 1 and 2, 1927, J. C. Bradley (Ithaca). 2 (type), Santa Catalina Mts., 5,500 ft., Apache County, Ariz., July 25, 1917 (Cambridge). 0, Tucson, Ariz., F. H. Snow (Lawrence). 9, southern Arizona (Cam- bridge). o, Devils River, Tex., May 5, 1907, E. A. Schwartz (Washington).
This species occurs in the Lower Sonoran fauna.
5. Priocnessus nigricans, new species
Mate: Unknown.
Fremate: Forewing 15 mm. long; hind tibia with its dorsal teeth rather strong, its laterodorsal row of bristles long, about 0.9 as long as the distance between their sockets; under side of fifth tarsal segment with about two preapical bristles.
Ficure 18.—Localities for Priocnessus nigricans.
Black. Flagellum orange, somewhat infuscate apically and on the basal part of the first segment; wings orange, infuscate basally to the level of the apex of the anal lobe; apical margin of forewing vaguely dusky.
Type: 9, Santa Rita Mts., Ariz., July 19, 1938, D. W. Craik (Lawrence).
Paratype: 9, Tex Canyon, 5,000 to 6,000 ft., Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., Sept. 16, 1927, J. A. Kusche (San Francisco).
48 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
6. Priocnessus nuperus (Cresson)
Pompilus (Priocnemis) nuperus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 118, 9. Lectotype: ?, Pennsylvania (Philadelphia).
Matz: Forewing 9.5 to 13 mm. long; clypeus very large, apically strongly raised upward and outward, its apical margin with a median apical tooth; posterior side of median flagellar seements with a longi- tudinal groove, within which is a longitudinal row of enlarged special- ized setae; middle and hind coxae unusually large; hind trochanter beneath with an apical tubercle like a blunt spine; subgenital plate tongue-shaped, its median longitudinal ridge high, broad, flat-topped, abruptly evanescent beyond the apical 0.75 of the subgenital plate.
Figure 19.—Localities for Priocnessus nuperus.
Rufous. Most of mandible, lateral third of clypeus, face, lower corners of frons, broad hind orbits, knees, tibiae, and first to fourth tarsal segments, orange or bright fulvous; flagellum brown, orange on the central third and on the underside of the basal third; ocellar area, a small mark above the antennal socket, under side of thorax, region of plural sutures, back side of front and middle coxae, most of hind coxa, upper side of middle and hind trochanters, and base of first tergite, blackish, the extent of the blackish markings variable; wings uniformly dark brown.
Frma.e: Forewing 13 to 17 mm. long; hind tibia with its dorsal teeth very strong and erect, and the bristles in its dorsolateral row long, about 0.8 as long as the distance between their sockets; last seg- ment of tarsi with about 3 to 8 preapical bristles beneath.
Rufous. Flagellum with the second, third, and adjacent ends of the first and fourth segments yellowish; flagellum beyond the basal 0.3 of fourth segment blackish; ocellar area, much of back side of head, thorax except for top of pronotum, mesoscutum, scutellum, postscu-
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 49
tellum, and often area on mesopleuron and propodeum, most of coxae, and base of first abdominal segment, black; tegula rufous; wings dark brown.
The species nuperus belongs to a species group separate from the Nearctic nebulosus, dakota, coloradensis, and apache, as evidenced by the specialized male clypeus, flagellum, coxae, and subgenital plate and in the female by possession of preapical bristles on the fifth tarsal segment. The Nearctic nigricans belongs probably in the nuperus species group but without its male this cannot be concluded with certainty.
SPECIMENS (20 o’, 219): From District of Columbia; Georgia (At- lanta); Kansas (Riley County); Maryland (Glen Echo and Takoma Park); New Jersey (Gloucester County, Moorestown, and Riverton) ; New York (Farmingdale); North Carolina (Hamrick); Pennsylvania (Germantown, Ogontz School, and Philadelphia); Texas (Brownsville and Lee County); and Virginia (Arlington, Black Pond in Fairfax County, Dunn Loring, and Great Falls).
Dates of collection are mostly from July 2 to Sept. 5. Those outside of this range are: Jan. 20 and Mar. 23 at Brownsville, Tex.; Oct. 18 in Riley County, Kans.; and October in Lee County, Tex. The usual habitat is along the edges of mesophytic deciduous woods bordering on overgrown fields. There is one record of a female taken at Liriodendron honeydew.
This species occurs in the Carolinian and Austroriparian faunal areas. Except in Texas and Kansas, adults have been taken only from July to September, with a few stragglers into October.
Genus Priecnemioides Radoszkowski
Priocnemioides Radoszkowski, 1888, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, new ser., vol. 2, p. 482. Type: Pompilus (Priocnemis) fulvicornis Cresson; designated by Banks, 1944,
Prionocnemoides Dalla Torre, 1897, Catalogus hymenopterorum ... . , fase. 8, p. 211 (emendation).
Priocnemoides (!) Ashmead, 1900, Canadian Ent., vol. 32, p. 187 (misspelling).
Cheilotus Bradley, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 18, p. 124, 1946 (new synonymy). Type: Pompilus ignipennis Cresson.
Medium or large sized species of average stoutness, the Nearctic species with forewing 9 to 26 mm. long; clypeus rather large, convex; pronotum of moderate length, its hind margin arcuate; carina on mesosternum in front of each middle coxa distinctly angulate medially, at the angulation usually produced into a distinct tooth (In all other Nearctic Pepsini this carina is evenly curved and without a toothlike projection.); second intercubital vein straight, oblique; second re- current vein joining the second cubital cell near its apical 0.75; cubital
50 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
vein reaching the wing margin; base of first discoidal cell without a distinct irregularity in the membrane; nervulus beyond basal vein by about 0.2 to 0.7 its length; nervellus ending at, beyond, or some- times just before juncture of cubitella with discoidella; anal lobe about 0.75 as long as submediella (pl. 1, fig. 5); dorsal edge of hind tibia of female with a distinct serration, of male usually with a weaker serration, or sometimes smooth; brush on inner side of hind tibia rather narrow, with a subapical constriction or interruption; under side of hind tarsus of male with a close fringe of hairs extending from its base to beyond the middle (This fringe is absent in all other Nearctic Pepsinae except Cryptocheilus.) ; last tarsal segment with two regular rows of bristles beneath; tooth on tarsal claws erect, acute.
This genus is restricted to the Western Hemisphere. It is closely related to Cryptocheilus. Three species groups, of which two are Nearctic, are known to me. See the keys and descriptions for their characters.
Key to the Nearctic species of Priocnemioides
1. Brush on inner side of hind tibia not interrupted, only narrowed subapically; nipples on posterior part of apical margin of fore coxa weak; second sternite of female with a pair of large, weak, cushionlike eMart but without tubercles. MAGNUS GROUP... . poms fe our
Brush on inner side of hind tibia intermipted ebapientie? or in some females not quite interrupted but very strongly narrowed subapically; nipples on posterior part of apical margin of fore coxa well developed; second sternite of female with a pair of more or less distinct tubercles surmounting a pair
of more or less distinct swellings. FULVICORNIS GROUP. ....... 7 2. Flagellum orange; wings black. ....... .. 3. magnus (Cresson) Flagellum black; wings orange to black. ... . 5 ae RES
3. Propodeum and upper part of metapleuron without ‘aay i rinlsleae Shavit tibia of male with a dorsal row of distinct oblique teeth; hind Aer of female with the teeth in its dorsal row rather wide, about as wide as the length of the bristles beyond each tooth. SUBSPECIES OF TEXANUS..... 4
Propodeum and upper part of metapleuron with at least a few transverse wrinkles; hind tibia of male with a dorsal longitudinal ridge on which teeth are faintly indicated; hind tibia of female with the teeth in its dorsal row
narrow, about 0.75 as wide as the bristle beyond each tooth. . ... 5 4, Wings almost entirely blackish . . 4a, texanus atripennis, new subspecies cae mostly orange .. . ... . . 4b. texanus texanus (Cresson)
Temple receding behind the ae so that the head is distinctly narrower across the temples than across the eyes; propodeum and upper part of meta- pleuron usually completely covered with wrinkles; head and thorax with a rather strong, usually greenish blue iridescence, especially in the female; erect hairs on thorax very long and dense. . . . 1. aratus, new species
Temple not receding behind the eye, the head about as wide across the tem- ples as across the eyes; propodeum and upper part of metapleuron usually only partially covered with wrinkles; head and thorax with a faint purple iridescence; erect hairs on thorax shorter and sparser. SUBSPECIES OF NIU STIR TIN US scat areca emcees ciate use be adc e's 1s sanns sae ae ek ea pO
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI ok
6. Wings black or mostly black . . . 2a. austrinus fuscatus, new subspecies Wings mostly orange. . ..... . . 2b. austrinus austrinus (Banks)
7. Forewing entirely black... . . ... . . 5. fulvicornis (Cresson) Forewing mostly orange, or black w an a large subapical orange spot (fore- wing entirely black in a Neotropic subspecies of wnifasciatus) . . . . . 8
8. Temple receding behind the eye, so that the head as seen from above is dis- tinetly narrower across the temples than across the eyes; male subgenital plate with a weak longitudinal elevation that tapers from the base; fore- wing orange with a relatively broad fuscous apex that reaches or just invades the apex of the radial cell (pl. 2, fig. 17) .. 6. angusticeps, new species Temple not receding but slightly swollen behind the eye so that as seen from above the head across the temples is as wide as or slightly wider than across
the eyes; male subgenital plate with a longitudinal raised spatulate area; forewing in the Nearctic subspecies either blackish with a subapical orange spot or mostly orange with a relatively narrow fuscous apex, the fuscous area not reaching the apex of the radial cell. SUBSPECIES OF UNIFASCIATUS..9
9. Wings black, the forewing with a large subapical orange spot (pl. 2, fig. 18); male seventh sternite with the raised spatulate area a little less sharply defined rps 4) f.t)s ... . . Va, unifasciatus unifasciatus (Say) Wings orange, anneente ieee and apically; male seventh sternite with the raised spatulate area a little more sharply defined ..... . 10
10. Basal infuseation of forewing extending about 0.35 the distance i the basal WET is ae ... . . Vb. unifasciatus cressoni (Banks) Basal jesuseataen Bs frowns extending about 0.25 the distance to the basal vein (pl. 2, fig. 19) . . . . Ve. unifasciatus califormicus, new subspecies
MAGNUS GROUP
Mesosternum with a weak triangular projection on the ridge in front of each middle coxa; nipples on posterior part of apical margin of fore coxa very weak; brush on inner side of hind tibia not interrupted subapically in either sex, slightly to strongly narrowed subapically; second sternite of female with a pair of large, weak, cushionlike swell- ings but without tubercles; sixth sternite of male gently concave, with stiff erect hairs on each side; subgenital plate of male gently concave, mediobasally with a faint longitudinal raised area, its apex broadly rounded, and its apical and lateral margins with sparse long, and dense short upright hairs.
This species group includes the Nearctic magnus, araius, austrinus, and texanus. With its weak tubercles on the fore coxa and weakly modified second sternite of the female it is a connecting link with the genus Cryptocheilus. The species aratus is somewhat intermediate to the fulvicornis group.
1. Priocnemioides aratus, new species
Forewing of male 19 to 20 mm. long, of female 20 to 26 mm. long; clypeus of male about 2.1 as wide as long, of female about 2.4 as wide as long; temple receding from just behind the eye, so that the head as seen from above is distinctly narrower across the temples than
52 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Ficure 20.—Localities for Priocnemioides aratus.
across the eyes; propodeum and upper part of metapleuron with sharp transverse wrinkles, the wrinkles sharpest in the female; erect hairs on head and thorax longer and more conspicuous than in the other species of the magnus group; nipples on posterior part of apical margin of fore coxa a little stronger than in the other species of the magnus group; legs more slender and with longer bristles than in other species of the magnus group, the hind femur about 5.4 as long as wide; hind tibia of male subcarinate dorsally, without distinct teeth; hind tibia of female with a dorsal row of strong, rather narrow teeth that are about 0.8 as wide as the length of the bristles beneath each; sixth sternite of male basally and laterally with long erect black hairs, discally with sparser, shorter, less conspicuous erect hairs; subgenital plate of male with marginal irregular long hairs, discally with moderately long hairs which in this species are mostly reflexed.
Black. Wings orange, their apices and extreme bases rather abruptly infuscate; head and thorax with an iridescence that is usually greenish blue, especially strong in the female.
Type: 9, Douglas, Ariz., Oct. 5, 1927, W. W. Jones (Berkeley).
Paratypes: 150, 19 9 from Arizona (Apache, Douglas, 10 miles east of Sonoita, and Tucson); Idaho (Pocatello); Kansas (Finney County and Meade County); New Mexico (Tucumcari); Texas (Alpine, The Basin at 5,000 ft. in the Chisos Mts. of Big Bend Na- tional Park, Fort Davis, Fort Stockton, Limpia Canyon at 5,000 ft. in the Davis Mts., Marathon, and Marfa); Utah (Logan, Provo, and Salt Lake County); and Mexico (Canutillo in Durango).
Most dates of collection are from July to September. The extreme range is from May 30 (in Salt Lake County, Utah) to Oct. 5 (at Douglas, Ariz.).
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 53
This species occurs in the Upper and Lower Sonoran faunas of the Southwest, and has been taken also in southern Idaho. Adults occur mostly from July to September.
2. Priocnemioides austrinus (Banks), new combination
Forewing of male 15 to 21 mm. long, of female 18 to 22 mm. long; propodeum and upper part of metapleuron partially or almost completely covered with weak transverse wrinkles, these always definite in the female but often obsolescent in the male; hind tibia of male subcarinate dorsally, with a rudimentary series of teeth; hind tibia of female with a dorsal row of strong, rather narrow teeth that are about 0.8 as wide as the length of the bristle beneath each; sixth sternite of male with erect brown hairs, longer laterally than discally, without the contrast in length and density between the sides and the disc that obtains in other species of the magnus group; subgenital plate of male with a marginal brush of longer hairs, these hairs hardly longer on the apicolateral margin than on the apical margin; discal hairs on male subgenital plate short, declinate. Structure otherwise as de- scribed for P. teranus.
Black. Wings orange with the base and apex infuscate, to entirely black, according to the subspecies; head and thorax with a faint purple iridescence.
There are two subspecies, one in the Southwestern States and the other from eastern Kansas to Alabama.
2a. Priocnemiocides austrinus fuscatus, new subspecies
Wings blackish, tinged with orange along the costal margin and on the stronger veins of the forewing, and with a more extensive orange
Ficure 21.—Localities for Priocnemioides austrinus fuscatus.
54 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
suffusion caused by orange hairs against the blackish wing membrane. The paratype has more orange on the wings than the type.
Type: 9, Theodore, Ala., June 12, 1917 (Ithaca).
Paratype: 9, on flowers of Cicuta maculata, Osage County, Kans., Aug. 5, 1950, H. E. Evans (Evans).
2b. Priocnemioides austrinus austrinus (Banks) PuaTe 1, FIGURE 5 Cryptocheilus austrinus Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 61, p. 102, 9.
Type: 9, Texas (Cambridge).
Wings orange, infuscate apically and at the base. Specimens from central Kansas and Texas often have the orange of the wings some- what suffused with brownish, and are thus somewhat intermediate to the subspecies fuscatus.
Figure 22.—Localities for Priocnemtoides austrinus austrinus.
SPECIMENS (28.7, 229): From Colorado (Boulder); Kansas (Barber County, Butler County, Cheyenne County, Comanche County, Dick- inson County, Ellis County, Ford County, Gray County, Hamilton County, Harvey County, Manhattan, Morton County, Neosho County, Russell County, Scott City, and Sedgwick County); and Texas (Clarendon, College Station, Cypress Mills, Dallas, Fedor, Hunt County, Maxwell, Williamson County, and Wolfe City).
Most collection dates are from June 16 to the end of August. Those outside of this range are: May 8, May 21, and Oct. 2 at College Sta- tion, Tex.; June 6 at Fedor, Tex.; Sept. 17 at Maxwell, Tex.; and Sept. 22 at Dallas, Tex. Flower records comprise Melilotus alba, Symphoricarpos, Ampelopsis arborea, and Solidago.
This subspecies occurs in Texas, Kansas, and Colorado (Boulder). Adults occur mostly from June to September.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 0
Figure 23.—Localities for Priocnemioides magnus.
3. Priecnemioides magnus (Cresson)
Pompilus (Priocnemis) magnus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 111, 9. Type: 9, Georgia (Philadelphia).
Forewing of male 14 to 19 mm. long, of female 17 to 22 mm. long. Propodeum and upper part of metapleuron smooth, without wrinkles; hind tibia of male subcarinate and with rudimentary teeth dorsally; hind tibia of female with a dorsal row of rather narrow teeth that are about 0.8 as wide as the length of the bristle beyond each; sixth ster- nite of male laterally with long, erect, black hairs, discally with shorter, sparse, erect hairs; subgenital plate of male apically with short, dense, erect hairs, the hairs longer apicolaterally.
Black. Flagellum orange; wings black; head and thorax without distinct iridescence.
Specimens: o’, 29, Tifton, Ga., F. A. Eddy (Cambridge). 29, Tifton, Ga. (Washington). @ (type), Ga. (Philadelphia). 9, Lake- hurst, N. J., July 21, 1921 (Cambridge). 9, Riverhead, N. Y., Aug. 2, 1917, W. T. Davis (Cambridge). o, Judson, N. C., July 19, 1923, J. C. Crawford (Raleigh). 9, Spout Springs, N. C., July 10, 1929 (State College, Raleigh). o, Wilmington, N.C., June 23, 1928, T. B. Mitchell (State College, Raleigh). 9, Bryant, Tex., June 17, 1927, S. E. McGregor (Krombein). 29, Fedor, Tex., May 19 and 25, 1909, Birkmann (Cambridge). 9, Los Olmos Creek, Kenedy County, Tex., June 18, 1948, H. E. Evans (Evans). o, 2, Mount Pleasant, Titus County, Tex., June 13, 1918, H. E. Evans (Evans). o’, Rock Island, Tex., May 31, 1922, G. O. Wiley (St. Paul). o, Victoria, Tex., Aug. 16, 1913, J. D. Mitchell (Washington). 9, Williamson County, Tex., May 29, 1933, J. E. Gillaspy (College Station, Tex.).
This species occurs in the Gulf and Atlantic States north to Long Island.
56 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
4. Priocnemioides texanus (Cresson)
Forewing of male 12 to 16 mm. long, of female 15 to 20 mm. long; clypeus of male about 2.5 as wide as long, of female about 2.7 as wide as long; temple not receding from just behind the eye, so that the head as seen from above is almost or quite as wide across the temples as across the eyes; propodeum and metapleuron smooth, not at all wrinkled; hind femur about 4.7 as long as wide; teeth on dorsal side of hind tibia of male distinct, oblique, of female prominent and rather wide, about as wide as the length of the bristle beyond each; sixth sternite of male laterally with long, erect, black hairs, discally without long erect hairs; subgenital plate of male with a marginal brush of hairs, these hairs longer on the lateroapical margin than on the apical margin; discal hairs on male subgenital plate short, declinate.
Black. Wings almost entirely black to mostly orange, according to the subspecies; head and thorax with a faint purple iridescence.
This species occurs in the Southwestern States and eastward to Louisiana. It comprises two subspecies.
4a. Priocnemioides texanus atripennis, new subspecies
Wings black. Type: o', Opelousas, La., May 25, 1897, G. R. Pilate (Washing- ton, USNM 61696).
A 2 cs 7 ; f i eer Y toa AY ZY JL, i ee = j maa et tf Werte see Gq ™; ie ! = De ear ie N j fae -t j ey i \ Awe Se ql \ | j =——— y \ ees eft oc ! i \ be No fe fase I ; \-5 oF ¥y \} — | Set 7 { | (aa frome ALIALY a i i mG we f
Figure 24.—Locality for Priocnemioides texanus atripennis.
4b. Priocnemioides texanus texanus (Cresson)
Priocnemis teranus Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 204, @#, 9. Lectotype: @, Texas (Philadelphia).
Wings mostly orange, ranging from clear orange with the apical part and the extreme base rather abruptly infuscate in specimens from the
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI BF
1 By fae Seleree as ea AQ JP ‘ iF — er fi eh om lh }
we ~
pore ey t. — —~_ be i= —~ am a
yw i h ardor 1%
Ficure 25.—Localities for Priocnemioides texanus texanus.
greater part of its range, to somewhat suffused with brownish and with the basal and apical parts darker in many specimens from Kansas and eastern Texas. ‘These latter specimens are somewhat intermediate to the subspecies airipennis.
Specimens (84<', 439): From Arizona (Apache, Joseph City, Kayenta, and Navajo Mt. in Navajo County) ; California (Coalinga, Davis, Dos Palos, Firebaugh, Hemet, Mojave River in Apple Valley, Oxalis in Fresno County, and Patterson); Kansas (Finney County, Grant County, Gray County, Hamilton County, Haskell County, Morton County, and Scott City); New Mexico (Broadview and Cim- arron); Oklahoma (McAlester); Texas (Bexar County, Brazos County, Brownsville, Calvert, Fort Davis, Friona, Hunt County, Kaufman County, McLennan County, Marfa, Maxwell, Navarro, Port Isabel, Roanoke, Waco, and Williamson County); and México (Puerta de la Goriona at 4,900 ft. in the Sierra del Carmen of Coa- huila).
Most collection dates are from June 1 to Aug. 21. Those outside of this range are May 25 in Williamson County, Tex.; May 28 on the Mojave River in Apple Valley, Calif.; May 30 at Navarro, Tex.; May 31 in Bexar County, Tex.; Sept. 5 at Firebaugh, Calif.; and Oct. 8 at Calvert, Tex. Flower records comprise three collections on Asclepias and one each on Avicennia, Baccharis, and Petalostemum.
This subspecies is widespread in the Southwestern States and occurs in adjacent México. Adults occur during the summer months.
FULVICORNIS GROUP
Mesosternum with a weak triangular projection on the ridge in front of each middle coxa; nipples on posterior part of apical margin of fore coxa well developed; brush on inner side of hind tibia inter-
58 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
rupted subapically, or in some females not quite interrupted; second sternite of female with a pair of large, weak, cushionlike swellings surmounted by a pair of weak approximate tubercles; sixth sternite of male gently concave, with some long erect hairs on each side; subgenital plate of male approximately flat, with a median basal longitudinal elevation, and its free margin with some long hairs.
This species group includes fulvicornis and angusticeps of North America; unifasciatus of North and South America; molestus Banks 1946, of South America; and (Pompilus) Priocnemioides lammipennis Smith, new combination (=Pompilus ignipennis Cresson, new synony- my), of the West Indies.
5. Priocnemioides fulvicornis (Cresson)
Pompilus (Priocnemis) fulvicornis Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 112, #, 9. Lectotype: @, Pennsylvania (Philadelphia).
Forewing of male 12.5 to 16.5 mm. long, of female 14.5 to 21 mm. long; temple rather full, the head almost or quite as wide at the temples as at the eyes; suberect hair on upper part of pronotum rather short; propodeum with rather fine obscure transverse wrinkling, or in the
Figure 26.—Localities for Priocnemioides fulvicornts.
male usually smooth; second sternite of female with the tubercles averaging a little more prominent and farther apart than in P. angus- ticeps or P. unifasciatus; subgenital plate of male with a low, weak, median longitudinal ridge that tapers from the base.
Black. Flagellum orange; wings entirely black.
SPECIMENS (219, 2239): From Alabama (Mobile and Tusca- loosa); Arkansas (Arkadelphia, Hazen, and Springdale); District of Columbia; Florida (Coconut Grove, Jacksonville, Miami, and Mic- cosukee); Georgia (Albany, Tifton, and Warrenton); Illinois (Hanna
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 59
City, Homer Park, and Peoria); Indiana (Bedford, Lawrence County, and Posey County); Iowa (Sergeant Bluff); Kansas (Allen County, Anderson County, Baldwin, Barber County, Bourbon County, Chero- kee County, Clark County, Clay County, Comanche County, Cowley County, Crawford County, Dickinson County, Douglas County, Franklin County, Harvey County, Kiowa County, Labette County, Manhattan, Morris County, Onaga, Randolph, Reno County, Rice County, Russell County, Sedgwick County, Smith County, Topeka, Wallace County, and Winfield); Louisiana (Darrow, New Orleans, Opelousas, St. Landry, Schriever, and Sunset); Maryland (Burtons- ville, Glen Echo, Prince Georges County, Springfield, and Takoma Park); Mississippi (De Soto County and Holly Springs); Missouri (Atherton, Jackson, Overland, St. Louis, and Springfield); Nebraska (South Sioux City); New Jersey (Gloucester County, Moorestown, and Westville); New Mexico (Magdalena Mts.); New York (Brook- lyn); North Carolina (Beaufort, Hobucken, Kingsboro, Marion, Mount Mitchell, Overhills, Raleigh, Salisbury, Statesville, Swanna- noa, Wallace, and Winston); Ohio (Champaign County, Highland County, Hocking County, Jackson, Lancaster, and Pickaway County) ; Pennsylvania (Philadelphia) ; Tennessee (Grassy Grove in Cumberland County, and Roan Mountain in Carter County); Texas (Anahuac, Boca Chica, Brownsville, Burleson County, Calvert, College Station, Cypress Mills, Dallas, Dayton, Dickinson, Fedor, Fort Bend County, Galveston, Giddings, Hopkins County, Hunt County, Liberty, Liberty Hill, McKinney, McLennon County, Maxwell, Mount Pleasant, Olivia, Palmetto Park at Gonzales, Paris, Plano, Port Isabel, Robs- town, Rock Island, Seagoville, San Jacinto County, Trinity, Victoria, Waco, Wellsville, Williamson County, Willis, and Wolfe City); and Virginia (Hast Falls Church, Falls Church, Nelson County, and Vienna).
Dates of capture in the Upper Austral Zone are mostly in July and August, but in the Lower Austral Zone the normal flight season seems to be May to early October. Early and late dates of special interest are: Apr. 6 at College Station, Tex.; Apr. 11 at Miami, Fla.; Apr. 17 at Victoria, Tex.; May 9 at Opelousas, La.; June 9 at Kingsboro, N. C.; June 13 at Raleigh, N. C.; Sept. 5 at Takoma Park, Md.; Sept. 9 at Jackson, Ohio; October at Winfield, Kans.; Oct. 1 at Raleigh, N. C.; Oct. 3 at Victoria, Tex.; Oct. 5 to 9 at Jacksonville, Fla.; and Oct. 30 at Anahuac, Tex. and in Bexar County, Tex. Flower records include Melilotus alba, Polygonum lapathifolium, Ampe- lopsis arborea, Monarda punctata, Huphorbia marginata, Polytaenia nuttallii, and Solidago. The only host record is Lycosa avida, being transported by a female collected at Baldwin, Kans., by J. C. Bridwell.
60 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
This is a common species of the Austroriparian and Carolinian faunas. There is an isolated record from New Mexico (207, Magda- lena Mts., N. Mex., July 1894, F. H. Snow (Lawrence)). Adults are on the wing mostly in July and August.
6. Priocnemioides angusticeps, new species PLATE 2, FIGURE 17
Forewing of male 11 to 15 mm. long, of female 14 to 18 mm. long; temple rather sloping, the head somewhat narrower across the temples than across the eyes; pronotum of male a little longer than in P. ful- vicornis or P. unifasciatus; suberect hair on upper part of pronotum moderately long; propodeum with rather fine transverse wrinkling, most distinct in the female; subgenital plate of male with a low, weak, median longitudinal ridge that tapers from the base.
Figure 27.—Localities for Priocnemioides angusticeps.
Black. Flagellum orange; wings orange, infuscate basally and apically. In the forewing the basal infuscate area extends about 0.4 the distance to the basal vein and the apical infuscation just reaches or invades the apex of the radial cell.
This species is superficially similar to P. unifasciatus cressoni but may be distinguished by the tapering shape of the median longitudinal raised area on the male subgenital plate, the narrower temple, and the broader apical infuscation on the forewing.
Tyrer: o', Brownsville, Tex., May (Washington, USNM 61697).
PARATYPES (3767, 389): From Texas (Bexar County, Boca Chica, Brownsville, Burnet, Camp Barkley in Taylor County, Dallas, Edin- burgh, Fedor, Liberty Hill, Maxwell, New Braunfels, Palmetto Park at Gonzales, Port Isabel, Victoria, and Williamson County); and México (Ahuacatlén in Nayarit, Alpuyeca in Morelos, Guadalajara,
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 61
Los Mochis in Sinaloa, Medellin in Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, Tejupilco in Temescaltepec, and Zetacuaro in Michoacan).
Dates of capture are mostly from June to September. Those out- side of this range are: April at Edinburgh, Tex.; May at Brownsville, Tex.; May 17 at Burnet, Tex.; Oct. 4 at Camp Barkley, Taylor County, Tex.; Oct. 15 in Brazos County, Tex.; and Dec. 10 at Los Mochis, Sinaloa, México. Flower records include only Euphorbia marginata.
This species is known only from Texas and México. Adults are on the wing through most of the growing season.
7. Priocnemioides unifasciatus (Say)
Forewing of male 9 to 17 mm. long, of female 10 to 21 mm. long; temple rather swollen, so that the head across the temples is as wide or a little wider than across the eyes; suberect hair on upper part of pronotum moderately long; propodeum with rather fine but sharp transverse wrinkling, most distinct in the female; seventh sternite of male with a median longitudinal raised spatulate area.
Black. Flagellum fulvous; wings varying from orange with the base and apex infuscate to entirely black, according to the subspecies.
This species ranges from the United States to Patagonia, but is represented in that area by a number of subspecies which because of their evident color differences have been considered species. They are structurally similar but with gradual geographic variation in some of the characters which reach distinctive extremes at the ends of the range. ‘The structural differences between the subspecies, all minor, are in the width of the head across the temples (widest in the Chilean subspecies, thence gradually narrowing to the Nearctic subspecies unifasciatus), the prominence of the raised spatulate area on the male seventh sternite (most prominent in the Chilean subspecies, thence gradually less prominent to the Nearctic subspecies uni- fasciatus) and size (averaging smallest in the Chilean and Argentinean subspecies and largest in the North American forms). In addition, the Chilean subspecies has the flagellar segments somewhat shorter than in the others. The color differences are described below, where all the subspecies are treated, though only three of them are Nearctic.
Key to the subspecies of Priocnemioides unifasciatus
1, Forewing entirely black; habitat: Pera, Bolivia, and parts of Paraguay and
rerio ee oP pe at ee a nee ee gt ee 7f. peruvianus (Rohwer) Harewing mOre Or less OPAHEG cha Page.) Ge ee Ble oe ae ek ws 2
2. Forewing black with a large subapical orange spot (pl. 2, fig. 18); habitat: United States east of the 100th. meridian. . . . 7a. unifasciatus (Say) Forewing orange or infuscate orange with more or less of the base and apex BESO ES ee a si .2 oe ee ae ie ea kace ce eS ss 3
347756—57——_5
62 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
3. Basal and apical infuscate portion of forewing merging rather gradually with the orange of the rest of the wing, which itself is usually dusky orange rather than clear orange; habitat: most of Argentina and adjacent Brazil.
Ze. luteicornis (Lepeletier) Basal and apical infuscate portions of forewing joining rather abruptly with the clear orange of the rest of the wing. . 4
4. Base of forewing infuscate beyond the tegula fon poet i 5 the length of one tegula; longitudinal spatulate area on male subgenital plate a little more strongly raised; flagellar segments of female a little shorter; habitat: Chile and coastal Perl. .. . . . . 7g. dumosus (Spinola)
Base of forewing infuscate beyond the tepula an 2.0 or more the length of the tegula; longitudinal spatulate area on male subgenital plate a little less strongly raised; flagellar segments of female a little longer. . . . ao
5. Base of forewing infuscate for about 0.65 the distance to the basal vein; hepa: Panamé4 and northern South America. ....... . 7d. ences Banks
Base of forewing infuscate for about 0.2 to 0.4 the distance to the basal vein . 6
6. Base of forewing infuscate for about 0.35 the distance to the basal vein; habitat: México and southwestern United States, except California and Baja Cali- FOTRIG sos Bere ... . . Tb. cressoni (Banks)
Base of forewing iataneate ioe abode 0. 25 he distance to the basal vein (pl. 2, fig. 19); habitat: California and Baja California. 7c. californicus, new subspecies
7a. Priocnemioides unifasciatus unifasciatus (Say) FicurE 1,e; PLATE 2, FIGURE 18
Pompilus unifasciatus Say, 1828, American entomology, vol. 3, p. 92 (Leconte edition, vol. 1, p. 92), 2. Type: 9, Easton, Pa. (destroyed).
Black. Pubescence of face and clypeus dark brown; flagellum orange; wings blackish, the forewing with a large subapical orange spot which is not sharply defined.
A specimen from Victoria, Tex., is intermediate to the subspecies cressoni.
Figure 28.—Localities for Priocnemioides unifasciatus untfasctatus.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 63
SPECIMENS (5607, 1362): From Florida (Paradise Key); Georgia (Atlanta, Head River, Sitton’s Gulch, Summerville, and Yonah Mountain); Illinois (Algonquin, Bloomington, and Hanna City); Indiana (Allen County and Trevlac); Kansas (Allen County, Baldwin, Manhattan, Osborne County, Randolph, Riley County, Russell County, Topeka, Wilcox County, and Wilson County); Kentucky (Trenton); Louisiana (New Orleans); Maryland (Chesapeake Beach, Indian Head, and Laurel); Massachusetts (Sagamore and Woods Hole); Michigan (Wayne County); Mississippi (Iuka); Missouri (Cadet, St. Louis, Springfield, and Willard); New Jersey (Alpine and Gloucester County); New York (Bear Mt., Cold Spring Harbor, Fort Montgomery, Hamburg, Mastic, Niagara Falls, and Tuxedo); North Carolina (Blantyre, Bryson City, Elizabeth City, Fayetteville, Hamrick, Jonas Ridge, Swannanoa, and Wilkes County); Ohio (Athens County, Delaware County, Hocking County, Logan County, and Put in Bay); Ontario (Chatham and Pelee Island); Pennsylvania (Columbia and Rockville); South Carolina (Greenville and Table Rock in Greenville County); Texas (Bastrop County, Brazos County, Dallas, Fedor in Lee County, Hunt County, Jefferson County, Madison County, and Victoria); Virginia (Dunn Loring, Falls Church, Germantown, Great Falls, Hungry Mother, Nelson County, Penning- ton Gap, Vienna, Wingina, and Wytheville); West Virginia (Bargers Springs and Lewisburg); and Wisconsin (Milwaukee and Washington County).
Most dates of collection fall between July 20 and Sept. 13, or in Texas from June 1 to Sept. 25. Those outside these ranges are “June” in Riley County, Kansas; June 29 at Bloomington, IIl.; July 14 at Columbia, Pa., and at Iuka, Miss.; July 19 in Gloucester County, N. J.; Sept. 17 in Hocking County, Ohio; Sept. 21 at Great Falls, Va., and in Allen County, Ind.; and Oct. 3 at Greenville, S. C., and in Hunt County, Tex. Flower records include Euphorbia marginata and Solidago. A female was taken at Indian Head, Md., by J. C. Bridwell while transporting Lycosa riparia.
This subspecies occurs mostly in the Carolinian fauna. Most adults are on the wing from about July 20 to early September. The favorite habitat seems to be overgrown fields, especially among bushes and along the edges of woods.
7b. Priocnemioides unifasciatus cressoni (Banks)
Cryptocheilus flammipennis, as frequently misdetermined by authors. Cryptocheilus cressoni Banks, 1929, Psyche, vol. 36, p. 326, oo, 9. Lectotype: 9, Texas (Cambridge). Black. Pubescence of face and clypeus dark brown; flagellum orange; wings orange, fuscous basally and apically. The fuscous
64 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Figure 29.—Localities for Priocnemioides untfasciatus cressont.
basal portion extends about 0.35 the distance to the basal vein, and the fuscous apical portion does not reach or just reaches the apex of the radial cell.
This subspecies is superficially similar to and often confused with the species P. angusticeps (see p. 60 for distinguishing notes). It has also been confused needlessly with the West Indian P. flammi- pennis.
SPECIMENS (55<7, 969): From Arizona (Chiricahua Mts., Douglas, Dragoon Mts., Huachuca Mts., Mormon Lake in Coconino County at 7,000 ft., Nogales, San Bernardino Ranch in Cochise County at 3,750 ft., Santa Rita Mts. at 5,000 to 8,000 ft., Stocton Pass in the Pinaleno Mts., Sunnyside Canyon in the Huachuca Mts., Tucson, and Workman Creek in the Sierra Ancha); Colorado (Berkeley, Clear Creek, and Gunnison); Kansas (Reno County); New Mexico (Hells Canyon, Jemez Mts., Mesilla, and State College); Texas (Abilene, Austin, Bexar County, Boerne, Burnet, Carrizo Springs, Cotulla, Cypress Mills, Dime Box, Eastland County, Edinburg, Fedor, Fort Davis, Frio State Park in Frio County, Hunt County, Laredo, Liberty Hill, Limpia Canyon in the Davis Mts. at 5,000 ft., Longhorn State Park in Burnet County, Marfa, Menard County, New Braun- fels, Port Isabel, San Antonio, Sheffield, Twin Sisters, Victoria, and Williamson County); Utah (Salt Lake); Guatemala (Antigua); and México (Chihuahua [city], Coyotes in Durango, El] Cercado in Nuevo Leon, Guadalajara, Jacoma in Michoacin, Juarez, Los Mochis in Sinaloa, México [city], Oaxaca, San Rafael Jicoltepec, Tlalnepantla, Valleciilo in Nueva Leén, and Xochimilco).
The collection dates fall mostly between May 10 and Oct. 1. Records outside this range are Mar. 28 at Cotulla, Tex.; “‘April” at Edinburg, Tex.; Apr. 3 and May 4 at San Antonio, Tex.; Apr. 29 and
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 65
May 8 in Williamson County, Tex.; May 4 in Hunt County, Tex.; May 6 at Workman Creek, Sierra Ancha, Ariz.; Oct. 5 in Williamson County, Tex.; Oct. 24 at Laredo Tex.; and Oct. 26 at Carrizo Springs, Tex. Ail the records for males fall between May 8 and July 27, except for a male taken Aug. 8 at Coyotes, Durango, México. Flower records include Euphorbia marginata, Sapindus drummondii, Condalia lycioides, Polytaenia nuttallui, Tamarix gallica, and Baccharis salicina.
This subspecies occurs in the Lower Sonoran fauna from Texas to Arizona and south to Guatemala.
Te. Priocnemioides unifasciatus californicus, new subspecies
PLATE 2, FIGURE 19
Cryptocheilus flammipennis and Cryptocheilus cressoni, as frequently misdeter- mined by authors. Similar to the subspecies cressoni but with less fuscous at the wing bases, the basal infuscation of the forewing extending only about 0.25 the distance to the basal vein.
Freure 30.—Localities for Priocnemioides unifasciatus californicus.
This subspecies bears about the same color and geographic relation to Priocnemioides unifasciatus cressoni as does Hemipepsis ustulata ochroptera to H. ustulata ustulata. It is of interest to note that the subspecies californicus extends into Baja California and intergrades with cressoni probably near the California~Arizona boundary, while the subspecies ochroptera does not reach Baja California and inter- grades with its more eastern counterpart (subspecies ustulata) in southern California.
Tyre 9, Mount Diablo, Contra Costa County, Calif., July 10, 1947, U. N. Lanham (Washington, USNM 61698).
ParaTyYPEs (60c’, 1639, including 307, 199 collected with the type by P. D. Hurd and U. N. Lanham): From California (Antioch,
66 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Benicia, Berkeley, Blythe, Calexico, Canby, Clarksburg, Clayton, Davis, Del Puerto Canyon in Stanislaus County, Dixon, Dos Palos, Firebaugh in Fresno County, Hemet, Holtville, Imperial County, La Grange, Lemoncove, Los Angeles, Mendota, Morgan Hill, Mount Diablo in Contra Costa County, National City, Newport Bay in Orange County, Niles, Nipomo, Old Town in San Diego County, Oxalis in Fresno County, Petaluma, Redwood City, Ripley, Sacra- mento, Sacramento River Valley, San Diego, San Dimas, San Jose, Stanford University, Telsa in Alameda County, Temecula, Tracy, Vacaville, Walnut Creek, and Willows); and Baja California, México (Catavina, 20 miles north of Comondt, and Purissima).
Most dates of capture are in July and August, but a number of others extend the usual distribution from June 2 to Sept. 27, and the subspecies has been taken at Blythe, Calif., on May 7 and Oct. 3 and at Telsa, Calif. on Oct. 15. Two collections were made on the flowers of Asclepias.
This subspecies occurs in central and southern California and in Baja California. Most adults are on the wing from early June to late September.
7d. Priocnemioides unifasciatus urichi Banks, new status
Priocnemioides urichi Banks, 1945, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 4, p. 89,9. Type: 2, northwestern part of Trinidad (Cambridge).
Black. Pubescence of face and clypeus medium brown; flagellum orange; wings orange, fuscous basally and apically. The fuscous basal portion extends about 0.65 the distance to the basal vein, and the fuscous apical portion does not reach or just reaches the apex of the radial cell.
SPECIMENS (407, 99): From Panamé (Chiriqui and Barro Colorado Island); Colombia (Cincinnati); Trinidad; Venezuela (Mérida and Valera); and Ecuador (Mera).
Te. Priecnemicides unifasciatus luteicornis (Lepeletier), new status
Calicurgus luteicornis Lepeletier 1845, Histoire naturelle des insectes, hyménoptéres, vol. 3, p. 404, 9. Type: 9, Province des Mines, Brazil (?Paris).
?Pepsis Bonariensis Lepeletier, 1845, Historie naturelle des insectes, hyménoptéres, vol. 3, p. 476, 9. Type: 9, Buenos Aires, Argentina (?Paris).
Priocnemioides tenebrosus Banks, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 96, p. 480, o', @ (mew synonymy). Type: ?, Brazil (Cambridge).
Black. Pubescence of face and clypeus light brown; flagellum orange; wings orange but more or less suffused with brownish and distinctly infuscate basally and apically. The basal and apical infuscation is not as sharply defined as in the subspecies uricha, cressoni, and californicus. Specimens of the present subspecies from Argentina in general have less brownish suffusion on the wings than do those from elsewhere.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 67
Banks (1946) identifies this form as bonariensis Lepeletier, which was described originally in Pepsis. While Lepeletier’s specific description agrees, his generic description of the venation of Pepsis does not. An examination of his type may show, however, that this is the form he had.
SPECIMENS (70, 159): From Argentina (Bolivar, Carcaraifia, Cérdova, Mendoza, Muiiecas, Salta, “San Juan’, and Tucumén); Brazil (Campinas, Maldonado, Maracaju in Mato Grosso, and Rio de Janeiro); Pert (Villa Rica); and Uruguay (Montevideo).
7f. Priocnemioides unifasciatus peruvianus (Rohwer), new status
Cryptocheilus peruvianus Rohwer, 1913, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, p. 440, 9. Type: 9, Santa Ana, Pert, 3,000 ft. (Washington).
Black. Pubescence of face and clypeus medium brown; flagellum orange; wings black with a slightly brownish tint.
This subspecies has a strong superficial resemblance to the Nearctic P. fulvicornis. It may be distinguished by the longer hair on the upper part of the pronotum and by the more distinct wrinkles on the pro- podeum, in addition to the specific differences described in the key.
SpEcIMENS: 9, Misiones, Argentina, Feb. 4,%1942, A. L. Parker (Washington). 9, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, J. Steinback (Cambridge). Q (type), Santa Ana, 3,000 ft., Peri, Aug. 3, 1911 (Washington). o', Valle Chanchamayo, Pert, 800 m., “1-3-30,’”’ Weyrauch (Cam- bridge).
7g. Priocnemioides unifasciatus dumosus (Spinola), new status
Pompilus dumosus Spinola, 1851, in Gay, Historia fisica y politica de Chile, zoologia, vol. 6, p. 376, #@, 29. Types: Coquimbo, Chile (?Paris).
Black. Pubescence of face and clypeus dark brown; flagellum orange; wings orange with the apical margin and the base for a very short distance (equal to about 1.5 the length of the tegula) fuscous.
Spinola mentioned having specimens from Brazil and from Co- quimbo in Chile. Since the Brazilian specimens may have repre- sented a different species or subspecies, the type locality is hereby restricted to Coquimbo, Chile.
SPECIMENS (12c’, 199): From Chile (Correntoso River, Maipt, Melipilla, Rio Negro, Santiago, Valparaiso, and the mainland near Chiloe Island); and Pert (Lima and Trijillo).
Genus Cryptocheilus Panzer
Salius Fabricius, 1804, Systema Piezatorum . . ., p. 127 (preoccupied). Type: Sphex sexpunctata Fabricius; designated by Guérin, 1849.
Cryptocheilus Panzer, 1806, Kritische Revision der Insektenfaune Deutsch- lands ..., Band 2, p. 120. Type: Sphex annulata Fabricius; designated by Westwood, 1840.
68 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Cryptochilus Rafinesque, 1815, Analyse de la nature . . . , p. 125 (Emendation).
Adonta Billberg, 1820, Enumeratio insectorum . . . , p. 101;(New name for Salius).
Stenoclavelia Arnold, 1932, Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 15, p. 44. Type: Steno- clavelia mirabilis Arnold; original designation.
Chilochares Banks, 1941, Canadian Ent., vol. 73, pp. 119, 120. Type: (Crypto- chetlus birkmanni Banks) = idoneum birkmanni Banks; original designation.
Adirostes Banks, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 96, p. 465. Type: Adirostes tolteca Banks; original designation.
Medium sized species, or sometimes rather large, of average stout- ness, the Nearctic species with forewing 6 to 14 mm. long; clypeus medium or rather large, convex; pronotum moderately long, its hind margin arcuate or somewhat angled at the middle; second inter- cubital vein straight or somewhat curved; second recurrent vein reaching the second cubital cell near or somewhat beyond its middle; cubital vein reaching wing margin; base of first discoidal cell without a distinct irregularity in the membrane; nervulus beyond basal vein by about 0.25 to 0.5 its length; nervellus ending basad of juncture of cubitella with discoidella; anal lobe about 0.65 as long as submediella (pl. 1, fig. 6); hind tibia with a dorsal serration, weaker in the male; brush on inner side of hind tibia in the Nearctic species rather narrow and with a subapical interruption; under side of hind tarsus of male with a close fringe of hairs extending from its base to beyond the middle (this fringe is absent in all other Nearctic Pepsinae except Priocne- mioides.); last tarsal segment with two regular rows of bristles beneath; tooth on tarsal claws erect, acute.
The Nearctic species of Cryptocheilus are all closely related. In the Old World the genus is very much larger and with a structural diversity that poses problems in generic distinctions from other complexes of species. The males of certain Old World species have the thorax, especially the pronotum, elongate. The name Stenoclavelia was proposed for such males.
Keys to the Nearctic species of Cryptocheilus
MALES 1. Flagellum enue orange, or its basal segment partly alee body pubescence dark gray; wings largely orange. . Ass ited rin icon Flagellum eee blackish; body eieesnenes pisckish me ra ee ot es
bd
. Median apical notch on et sternite about 0.5 as deep as wide; apical margin of clypeus weakly concave; subgenital plate rather short. 3. pallidipenne (Banks) Median apical notch on sixth sternite about 1.2 as deep as wide; apical mar- gin of clypeus weakly convex; subgenital plate elongate. 4. attenuatum Banks
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 69
. Median longitudinal ridge on subgenital plate narrow throughout; clypeus in front view with its apex truncate or weakly concave, or convex. ... 4 Median longitudinal ridge on subgenital plate very broad basally; pieeas in front view with its apex moe notched, either very broadly or rather nar-
TOWly;. aes : Ss urs . 6 . Median longreacieel stine on Seana sine “ah eather donee black ers: wings black... : . . . . 1. hesperus (Banks)
Median longitudinal eee on pa ecuital lee without hairs that are dense or denser than on the rest of its surface; wings blackish or largely yellow. SUBS P CLES OP TWH MINAIIIE. (5.5 waldo. ail psec: G2 sinsic tobe aot ve) leynelivop play ms
. Wings entirely black... . . . 2a. terminatum subopacum (Cresson)
Wings yellow, their apices broadly blackish.
2b. terminatum terminatum (Say)
. Clypeus with a rather deep, U-shaped apical notch; longitudinal raised area on subgenital plate lanceolate, flat above and with sharp edges.
5. severini Banks
Clypeus with a broad shallow apical emargination; longitudinal raised area on subgenital plate one triangular, without sharp edges. SUBSPECIES OF
IDONEUM . . BRON oe emer eal ese ener te ce Reh oe con, ci ome te sy neg ere otal!
. Wings entirely black Ye . . . . 6a. idoneum idoneum Banks
Wings yellow, their apices blackish . . . 6b. idoneum birkmanni Banks FEMALES
. Flagellum entirely orange, or its basal segment ee fuscous; wings largely
orange; body pubescence dark gray. . . IDPS Tee oan oe
Flagellum entirely blackish; body pubescence ince Steyr opis pacttges
. Mandible, when not worn, about 0.75 as long as the extreme width of the clypeus; apex of mandible not unusually broad; clypeus a little shorter and a little more strongly convex; range: Arizona and California.
3. pallidipenne (Banks)
Mandible, when not worn, about 0.85 as long as the extreme width of the clypeus; apex of mandible broad; clypeus a little longer and a little less con- vex; range: Tennessee, Louisiana, Texas, and Iowa. 4. attenuatum Banks
. Propodeum and metapleuron with close sharp transverse or oblique wrinkles; wings black; range: California, Oregon, Utah, and Nevada.
1. hesperus (Banks)
Propodeum and metapleuron smooth or with fine weak wrinkles. . . . .. 4
. Apical margin of clypeus rather strongly concave; wings yellow, the apex of the forewing rather broadly black. . .. . . .. . . 5. severini Banks
Apical margin of clypeus less strongly concave; wings black or yellow with the apex of the forewing black. .... See hct kO:
. Lower lateral corner of face with a dusky perusamtenits oe ely as in profile less convex. SUBSPECIESOFIDONEUM... . SPS aortas, CO
Lower lateral corner of face without a pale mark; falge et in econ more con- vex. SUBSPECIES OF TERMINATUM... . Saige
. Wings entirely black. . .. n Sahks 6a. sion ‘se dorteconn Banks
Wings yellow, the apex of ae forewing blackish.
6b. ideoneum birkmanni Banks . Wings entirely black... . . . 2a. terminatum subopacum (Cresson) Wings yellow, infuscate ae . . 2b. terminatum terminatum (Say)
70 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Figure 31.—Localities for Cryptocheilus hesperus.
1. Cryptocheilus hesperus (Banks)
Priocnemis hesperus Banks, 1915, Canadian Ent., vol. 47, p. 401, [9]. Type: 9 , Stanford University, Calif. (Cambridge).
Cryptocheilus atratus Banks, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 63, p. 247, #, 2. Type: 2, Glenwood, Calif. (Ithaca).
Mate: Forewing 6 to 8.5 mm. long; front view of clypeus with the apex weakly arcuately concave; median notch of sixth sternite deeply V-shaped with the bottom rounded; subgenital plate tongue-shaped, with a median longitudinal rounded ridge that is stronger basally and gradually weaker to the apex, the longitudinal ridge with a crest of short, dense black hairs; margin of subgenital plate with a fringe of short, dense black hairs and bristles. Colored as in the female.
Frmauz: Forewing 6 to 12.5 mm. long; clypeus in side view strongly convex, in front view with the apex strongly and broadly arcuately concave; mandible (when not eroded) about 0.85 as long as the clypeus is wide, its apical tooth rather broad; propodeum and upper part of metapleuron with close, sharp, transverse wrinkles (without or with a few indistinct wrinkles in the male and in both sexes of the other Nearctic Cryptocheilus).
Black. Body pubescence blackish; wings blackish, the apical 0.23+ of the forewing and the apex of the hind wing deeper black.
This species is very closely related to C. terminatum, differing in the possession of median crest of hair on the male subgenital plate and in having the female propodeum and metapleuron transversely wrinkled.
SPECIMENS (2607, 1009): From California (Alameda County, Antioch, Atascadero, Benicia, Berkeley, Cajon Pass in San Bernar- dino County, Chile Bar in Eldorado County, Clayton, Concord, Davis Creek in Modoc County, Dixon, Dos Palos, Eldridge in Sonoma County, Felton, Harris, Laguna Beach, La Jolla, Lemoncove, Lindsay,
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI we
Oroville, Patterson, Pinoche in Fresno County, Placerville, Priest Valley at 2,300 ft. in Monterey County, Quincy, Redwood City, Redwood Creek, Richardson Springs, San Mateo County, San Fran- cisco County, Santa Barbara, Santa Paula, Stanford University, Tracy, Wood Lake in Tulare County, and Ventura); Nevada (Reno); Oregon (Corvallis, Dufur, La Grande, Lane Benton Park 20 miles south of Corvallis, Malheur County, Pee Dee, and Yoncalla); and Utah (Fair West, Salt Lake, and Tooele).
Collection dates are mostly in June, July, August, and September. Dates outside of these four months are: Apr. 15 at Ventura, Calif.; May 7 at San Andreas Lake, San Mateo County, Calif.; May 10 at Clayton, Calif.; May 15 at Pinoche, Fresno County, Calif.; May 19 at Richardson Springs, Calif.; May 20 at Felton, Calif.; May 26 at Wood Lake, Tulare County, Calif.; Oct. 2 at Concord, Calif.; Oct. 13 at Antioch, Calif.; Oct. 15 at Telsa, Alameda County, Calif.; and October at Green Valley, Solano County, Calif. Flower records comprise Cleome serrulata and Baccharis.
This species has been collected commonly in California and Oregon and sparingly in Nevada and Utah. Adults are on the wing during the warmer part of the season.
2. Cryptocheilus terminatum (Say)
Mate: Forewing 6 to 8.5 mm. long; front view of clypeus with the apex weakly arcuately concave; median notch of sixth sternite deeply V-shaped with the bottom sharp; subgenital plate tongue- shaped, with a weak median longitudinal rounded ridge that is stronger basally and gradually weaker to the apex, the longitudinal ridge without a crest of hairs; margin of subgenital plate with a fringe of short straight and longer curved black hairs. Coloration as in the female.
Frmae: Forewing 7.5 to 10 mm. long; clypeus in side view rather strongly convex, in front view with the apex strongly and broadly arcuately concave; mandible (when not eroded) about 0.80 as long as the clypeus is wide, its apical tooth moderately broad; propodeum without distinct wrinkles.
Black. Body pubescence blackish; wings either entirely blackish or largely orange-yellow, according to the subspecies.
There are two subspecies, differing only in wing color. It may be presumptuous to consider two forms subspecies without evidence of intergrades where their ranges approach, but with their ranges adja- cent and orly one character distinguishing the two populations, it seems reasonable to suppose that intergrades or other evidence of natural interbreeding will eventually come to view. An exactly similar situation occurs between the two forms here considered sub- species of Cryptocheilus idoneum.
(2 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
2a. Cryptocheilus terminatum subopacum (Cresson)
Pompilus (Priocnemis) subopacus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 114, 7, 9. Lectotype: 9, Pennsylvania (Philadelphia).
Wings blackish, the apical 0.25+ of the forewing and the apical margin of the hind wing deeper black.
Specimens: 9, Washington, D. C., Sept. 5, 1948, D. Shappirio (Shappirio). o, Washington, D. C., Aug. 29, 1947, D. Shappirio (Shappirio). 29, Baldwin, Kans., July, Bridwell (Washington). 29, Marshall County, Kans., July 12 and 24, 1950, R. L. Fisher (Evans and Townes). 9, Sheridan County, Kans., F. X. Williams (Washing- ton). 9, Glen Echo, Md., R. M. Fouts (Washington). 9, Camden County, N. J., July 12, 1891 (Washington). 9 (type), Pennsylvania
Figure 32.—Localities for Cryptocheilus terminatum subopacum.
(Philadelphia). <, Lobo, Tex., July 8, 1917 (Ithaca). 6c, Dunn Loring (near Vienna), Va., July 18 and 31, 1948, July 24 and 30, and Aug. 6, 1949, K. V. Krombein (Krombein and Townes). 792, Dunn Loring, Va., June 26, 1949, July 18, 1948, July 27, 1947, Aug. 2, 1947, Aug. 21, 1949, and Aug. 22, 1948, K. V. Krombein (Krombein and Townes). o', Falls Church, Va., Aug. 30 (Cambridge). 49, Falls Church, Va., July 12, Aug. 30, Sept. 10 and 16, N. Banks (Cambridge).
This subspecies has been collected in the vicinities of Washington and Philadelphia, in Kansas, and at Lobo, Tex. The recorded flight season is from June 26 to Sept. 16.
2b. Cryptocheilus terminatum terminatum (Say) PLATE 2, FIGURE 20
Pompilus terminatus Say, 1828, American entomology vol. 3, p. 92 (Leconte edition, vol. 1, p. 92), 9. Type: 9, near Arkansaw River, 200 miles east of Rocky Mts. (destroyed).
Cryptocheilus carinatus Banks, 1926, Canadian Ent., vol. 58, p. 202, 3. Type: 3’, Orman Dam, S. Dak. (Cambridge).
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 73
Wings orange-yellow, the apical 0.25+ of the forewing and the apex of the hind wing blackish.
This subspecies is one of three species or subspecies of Cryptocheilus agreeing moderately well with Say’s description and figure of Pompilus terminatus and all three plus others have been identified as terminatus by various workers. The present form is the only one with the apical dark area of the forewing as wide as described by Say and the name terminatum thus seems applicable to it alone.
Specimens (300, 519): From Alberta (Lethbridge); Arizona (Flagstaff, McNary, Mormon Lake, Oak Creek Canyon at 6,000 ft., Santa Rita Mts., and Sunnyside Canyon in the Huachuca Mts.); British Columbia (Fort Steele); Colorado (Boulder, Clear Creek in Jefferson County at 6,000 to 7,000 ft., Home, and Owl Canyon in Larimer County) ; Kansas (Cheyenne County, Gove County, Sherman County, Thomas County, and Wallace County); Minnesota (Argyle, Hallock, Kittson County, Lancaster, Ortonville, and Polk County) ; Montana; New Mexico (Raton); North Dakota (northeastern) ; South Dakota (Custer and Orman Dam); Texas (8 miles and 30 miles
Ficure 33.—Localities for Cryptocheilus terminatum terminatum.
west of Fort Davis); Washington (Pullman); Wyoming (Chimney Rock); and México (Sombrerete in Zacatecas and Teotihuacan).
Most collection dates are in July and August. Unusually early and late dates are: June 24 at Flagstaff, Ariz.; June 29 at Clear Creek, 6,000 to 7,000 ft., Jefferson County, Colo.; July 4 at 30 miles west of Fort Davis, Tex.; July 9 in Sunnyside Canyon, Huachuca Mts., Ariz.; Aug. 26 at Lancaster, Minn.; Aug. 27 at Home, Colo.; Sept. 7 at Argyle, Minn.; and Sept. 21 at Boulder, Colo.
This subspecies occurs in the Transition Zone of the Great Plains and the Rocky Mountain area. Adults are on the wing mostly in July and August.
14 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Figure 34.—Localities for Cryptocheilus pallidipenne.
3. Cryptocheilus pallidipenne (Banks)
Priocnemoides (!) pallidipennis Banks, 1911. Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 19, p. 236, [9]. Type: 9, Tucson, Ariz. (Cambridge).
Mate: Forewing 8 to 9 mm. long; clypeus in front view with its apex moderately concave; median notch of sixth sternite deeply U-shaped; subgenital plate tongue-shaped, somewhat convex but without a median ridge; apical margin of subgenital plate with a fringe of short stout hairs. Coloration as in the female.
FrmauEe: Forewing 8 to 10 mm. long; clypeus in side view rather strongly convex, in front view with the apex strongly and broadly arcuately concave; mandible (when not eroded) about 0.75 as long as the clypeus is wide, its apical tooth moderately broad.
Black. Body pubescence dark gray; flagellum orange, its first segment infuscate basally; wings orange-yellow, the apical 0.21+ of the forewing and the apical margin of the hind wing fuscous.
SPECIMENS: 9, Oak Creek Canyon, Ariz., July 9, 1941, R. H. Beamer (Lawrence). @, Tempe, Ariz., Aug. 15, D. K. Duncan (Krombein). @ (type), Tucson, Ariz., F. H. Snow (Cambridge). o', 9, Tucson, Ariz., F. H. Snow (Townes). ¢, Walnut, Ariz., June 30, 1936, E.S. Ross (San Francisco). <, Blythe, Calif., May 19, 1947, E.G. Linsley (Berkeley). 4 &%, Brawley, Calif., Aug. 9, 1914, J. C. Bradley (Ithaca and Cambridge). o, 92, Calexico, Calif., August (Cambridge). 99, Imperial County, Calif., May and June, 1911, J. C. Bridwell (Washington). 5 o, Imperial County, Calif., April, May, and June, 1911, J. C. Bridwell (Washington). 2°, Ripley, Calif., Aug. 19, 1946, J. W. MacSwain (Berkeley). 29, Seeley, Calif., July 17, 1940, E. E. Kenaga (St. Paul and Lawrence).
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI To
9, Mesilla, N. Mex., June 30, 1897, A. P. Morse (Washington). 9, Corvallis, Oreg., July 12, 1925, D. A. Wilbur (Corvallis).
This species occurs in southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, and at Corvallis, Oreg.
4. Cryptocheilus attenuatum Banks
Cryptocheilus attenuatus Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p. 8, #7. Type: &, New Braunfels, Tex. (Cambridge).
Mate: Forewing 7 to 8 mm. long; front view of clypeus with apex truncate or weakly concave; apex of sixth sternite semicircularly emarginate; subgenital plate tongue-shaped, somewhat narrowed apically, broadly tectate, the median longitudinal ridge with a crest of curved hairs; apical margin of subgenital plate with a fringe of long slender hairs, just dorsad of which is a fringe of short bristles. Colora- tion as in the female.
Figure 35.—Localities for Cryptochetlus aitenuatum.
Frema.e: Forewing 7.5 to 11 mm. long; clypeus in side view rather strongly convex, in front view with the apex moderately concave; mandible (when not eroded) about 0.85 as long as the width of the clypeus, its apical tooth very broad.
Black. Body pubescence dark gray; flagellum orange, its first segment somewhat infuscate basally; wings orange-yellow, the apical 0.18-+ of the forewing and the apex of the hind wing blackish.
SpecIMENS (116, 5292): From Colorado (Fort Collins); Iowa (Sergeant Bluff); Kansas (Baldwin, Carleton, Clay County, Clark County, Dickinson County, Ford County, Franklin County, Law- rence, Manhattan, Marshall County, Miami County, Morton County, Onaga, Osborne County, Rush County, Russell County, and Wabaun- see County) ; Louisiana (Tallulah) ; Tennessee (Knoxville) ; and Texas
76 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
(Bexar County, Brownsville, Camp Barkley in Taylor County, Dallas, El Paso, Maxwell, New Braunfels, San Marcos, and William- son County); and México (Alpuyeca in Morelos and Villa Guadalupe in Jalisco).
Collection dates are rather evenly distributed from late spring to early fall, the earlier and later dates being April at Brownsville, Tex.; May 1, 5, and 13 in Bexar County, Tex.; Sept. 23 at Fort Collins, Colo.; Oct. 4 at Camp Barkley, Taylor County, Tex., and at Knox- ville, Tenn.; Oct. 10 at Manhattan, Kans.; and Oct. 16 at Lawrence, Kans. Flower records comprise Melilotus alba and Conium maculatum. A female from Lawrence, Kans., was taken with prey, a juvenile Lycosa.
This species occurs from the Mississippi Valley to the Rocky Mountains in the Transition, Upper Austral, and Lower Austral Zones. It ranges further eastward than any other of the yellow winged pepsines. Adults occur throughout the warmer season.
5. Crypiecheilus severini Banks
Ficure 1, b
Cryptocheilus severint Banks, 1926, Canadian Ent., vol. 58, p. 202, [@]. Type: o', Newell, 8. Dak. (Cambridge),
Cryptocheilus arizonicus Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p. 7, o&, 9. Type: 9, Tempe, Ariz. (Cambridge).
Mate: Forewing 8.5 to 10 mm. long; front view of clypeus with a deep semicircular emargination; sixth sternite with a shallowly U-shaped emargination; exposed portion subgenital plate about square, the apical angles rounded, basally with a median triangular elevation with flat top and sharp edges, the elevation reaching to or a
Ficure 36.—Localities for Cryptocheilus severini.
PEPSINAE!: TRIBE PEPSINI ti
little beyond the middle of the subgenital plate; apical margin of subgenital plate with a thin bare flange at the base of which is a row of short bristles. Coloration as in the female.
FrMaueE: Body pubescence blackish; forewing 7.5 to 14 mm. long; clypeus in profile moderately convex, in front view with the apex strongly concave; mandible about 0.85 as long as the clypeus is wide, its apical tooth rather narrow.
Black. Lower outer corners of face stramineous; wings orange- yellow, the apical 0.1+ of the forewing and the apex of the hind wing blackish.
SPECIMENS (59c", 1279): From Arizona (Douglas, Dragoon Mts., Nogales, Pearce, Phoenix, San Carlos, Tempe, and Tucson) ; Califor- nia (Blythe, Calexico, Claremont, Coalinga, Dos Palos, Jacumba, Linsay, Los Angeles County, Redlands, San Antonio in Santa Clara County, Tejon, and Three Rivers); Colorado (Bent County, Clear Creek, and Logan County) ; Kansas (Decatur County, Greeley County, Hamilton County, Morton County, Norton County, Rawlins County, Scott City, Stafford County, Wallace, and Wichita County); Nebraska (Butte); Nevada (Reno); New Mexico (Deming, Hope, Magdalena, Mesquite, Mesilla Park, Organ, and Road Forks in Grant County) ; South Dakota (Capa, Custer, Newell, Pierre, and Platte); Texas (Alpine, Atascosa! County, Balmorhea Lake in Reeves County, Bastrop County, Camp Barkley in Taylor County, Clarendon, College Station, Cornudas in Hudspeth County, Corrizo Springs, Cotulla, Dunlay, Fedor, Fort Davis, Frio State Park in Frio County, Hidalgo County, Juno, Laredo, Liberty Hill, Llano County, Marfa, Marathon and Pine Springs) ; Utah (Emery County); Washington (Lone Tree on the Yakima River); Wyoming (Newcastle and Weston County); and México (Canutillo in Durango, Jiménez in Chihuahua, and Vallecillo in Nueva Ledén).
Most dates of capture are in the summer months, though in the southern parts of the range are many records for May, September, and October. Early and late dates of interest are; May 2 at Scott City, Kans.; May 11 at Cotulla, Tex.; May 12 at San Carlos, Ariz; May 13 at Laredo, Tex.; June 30 at Lone Tree on the Yakima River, Wash.; June 24 at Butte, Nebr.; June 28 at Newell, S. Dak.; Sept. 8 at Platte, S. Dak., Oct. 10 at Camp Barkley, Taylor County, Tex.; Oct. 17 in Atascosa County, Tex.; and Oct. 23 at Phoenix, Ariz. Flower records comprise Monarda and Tamariz gallica.
This species occurs from the hundredth meridian to the Rocky Mountains, in southern New Mexico, Arizona, and California, and in northern México. It is on the wing mostly in July and August in the northern part of its range, and from May to October in the south.
347756—57——6
78 U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
6. Cryptocheilus idoneum Banks
Mate: Forewing 7.5 to 9.5 mm. long; apex of clypeus with the middle half truncate, projecting laterad of the truncation as a short lobe; median notch of sixth sternite broadly U-shaped with a rounded bot- tom; subgenital plate with a median longitudinal raised triangular area having an attenuate point reaching to the apex, the sides of the raised areas distinct but not sharp; apical margin of subgenital plate truncate or somewhat retuse, with a fringe of short stout setae. Coloration as in the female.
Frmaue: Forewing 9 to 13.5 mm. long; clypeus in side view flatter than in the other Nearctic species of the genus, in front view with the apex rather strongly, arcuately concave; mandible (when not eroded) about 0.95 as long as the clypeus is wide, its apical tooth rather broad.
Black. Body pubescence blackish; lower corners of face dusky stramineous; wings blackish or largely orange-yellow, according to the subspecies.
There are two subspecies, differing only in wing color. No inte- grades between them are yet known and it may eventually develop that each should be considered a full species.
6a. Cryptocheilus idoneum idoneum Banks
Psammochares tenuicornis Banks, 1910, Psyche, vol. 17, p. 249, o& (name pre- occupied). Type: o, Southern Pines, N. C. (Cambridge).
Cryptocheilus idoneus Banks, 1910, Psyche, vol. 17, p. 250, 9. Type: 92, South- ern Pines, N. C. (Cambridge).
Psammochares gracilicornis Banks, 1911, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 19, p. 225 (new name for P. tenuicornis).
Wings blackish, the apical 0.16+ of the forewing deeper black.
SPECIMENS (10c7, 302): From Florida (Branford, Bristol Road in Gladsen County, Fort Lauderdale, Marineland, Myakka River State
Figure 37.—Localities for Cryptocheilus idoneum idoneum.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 79
Park, Orlando, and Weekiwatchee Springs in Hernando County); Georgia (Billys Island in the Okefenokee Swamp, College Park, Head River, and Tifton); Minnesota (Anoka County and Rice Creek in Anoka County); North Carolina (Lake Waccamaw, Laurel Hill, Oteen, Raleigh, Southern Pines, Swannanoa, and Winston); and Vir- ginia (Clifton and Falls Church).
Dates of capture are distributed through the warmer part of the year, unusually early and late dates being: Apr. 2 and 17 at Orlando, Fla.; June 2 at Laurel Hill, N. C.; June 29 at Raleigh, N. C.; June 30 at Clifton, Va.; Sept. 3 at Swannanoa, N. C.; Sept. 20 at Lake Wac- camaw, N. C.; early October at Raleigh, N. C.; and Oct. 15 in Virginia.
This subspecies has been collected from Virginia to Florida and in Minnesota. Adults occur during the summer and early fall.
6b. Cryptocheilus idoneum birkmanni Banks
PLATE 1, FIGURE 6 Cryptocheilus birkmanni Banks, 1926, Canadian Ent. vol. 58, p. 202, ¢@, 9. Type: o, Fedor, Lee County, Tex. (Cambridge). Wings orange-yellow, the apical 0.16+ of the forewing blackish and the tip of the hind wing infuscate.
Ficure 38.—Localities for Cryptocheilus idoneum birkmannt.
SpEcIMENS (3207, 649): From Arizona (Congress Junction, Florence, Mesa, Quijotoa in Pima County, Tempe, and Tucson); California (Palm Springs, Ripley, and Westmorland); Colorado (Roggen); Iowa (Sergeant Bluff and Sioux City); Kansas (Barber County, Barton County, Clay County, Reno County, Riley County, Rooks County, and Seward County); Nebraska (Bartley, Halsey, Meadow Grove, and Thedford); New Mexico (Aden, Kenna, Koehler, Las Cruces, Mesilla Park, and Santa Rosa); Texas (Athens, Austin, Carrizo Springs, Colorado County, Corpus Christi, Culberson
80 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
County, Cypress Mills, Dallas, Del Rio, Fedor, Galveston, Gillett in Karnes County, Llano County, Lytle, Mineola, Ranger, Rock Island, Rosser, San Antonio, Victoria, and Wilson County); Utah (Moab); Wyoming (Lingle and Torrington); and México, Baja California (El Arco Mine, Hamilton Ranch, 20 miles north of Mesquival, and San Ignacio).
Collection dates are rather evenly distributed through the warm months. The extreme dates are Apr. 17 at Corpus Christi, Tex., and Oct. 1 at Mineola, Tex. Flower records comprise Stillingia sylvatica and Monarda sp.
This subspecies ranges from the Western border of Iowa and all but easternmost Texas to Wyoming, Arizona, southern California, and Baja California. Adults occur during the warmer months.
Genus Priocnemis Schigdte
Medium or small sized species of slender to stout build, the fore- wing of the Nearctic species 3 to 13 mm. long; clypeus rather small for the Pepsini; pronotum of moderate length, its hind margin broadly angled to a weak median notch; second intercubital vein strongly curved and oblique posteriorly, nearly straight and perpendicular an- teriorly; second recurrent vein reaching second cubital cell near its middle; cubital vein often fading out before the wing margin; base of first discoidal cell without an irregularity in the membrane; ner- vulus beyond basal vein by about 0.7 to 1.3 its length; nervellus end- ing some distance before juncture of cubitella with discoidella; anal lobe elliptical, about 0.35 to 0.55 as long as submediella (pl. 1, fig. 7); hind tibia either smooth or serrate dorsally, always serrate in females of the Nearctic species; brush on inner side of hind tibia of moderate width, without a subapical constriction; last segment of tarsi beneath without preapical bristles in the Nearctic species, in some exotic species with a few, rather irregularly rowed bristles; tooth on tarsal claws small, erect, acute.
This genus is mostly Holarctic, but the subgenus Sphictostethus has a marsupial type of distribution. The four recognized subgenera are keyed out below.
Key to the subgenera of Priocnemis
LL (Wangs reduced, not large enough foriflying:.i). M>.4iiiw. nase ase 2 Wings of normal size: fy 4). ia... easel i. . emer Sele Riis 3
2. Thorax constricted at the middle; teeth on hind tibia weak, tuberclelike; Chilean Specless. igen oj. oe ae Sphictostethus (some females) (p. 81) Thorax not constricted at the middle; teeth on hind tibia chevron-shaped; INeareticispectesis me eT te 2s Vee nS oe Priocnemis (some females) (p. 89)
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 81
3. Propodeum with a strong sublateral longitudinal impression extending from the spiracle towards the apex; cubital vein evanescent just beyond the third cubital cell; third cubital cell about 1.7 as long as the second cubital cell; oriental species... . .. . . . Clistederes (p.83)
Propodeum without a Gistines pibiatecal longitudinal impression; cubital vein usually reaching the wing margin; third cubital cell less than 1.5 as long as the second cubital cell. . ..... ae re.
4. Outer hind corner of third dabital cell pine or pavers rectangular (pl. 2, figs. 22, 23, 24, 25); hind tibia of male without teeth; hind tibia of female with low, chevron-shaped teeth . . . Priocnemis (in part) (p. 89)
Outer hind corner of third cubital cell acute (pl. 1, fig. 7; pl. 2, fig. 21) . . .5
5. Hind edge of hind tibia of female with the teeth sometimes moderately strong, but usually weak or obsolete, between the teeth (when these are present) the tibia is rather densely hairy; hind tibia of male lacking distinct teeth; species of marsupial-like distribution. The only Nearctic species has the wings mostly orange. . . . . .Sphictostethus (in part) (p. 81)
Hind edge of hind tibia of female rite the teeth strong, between the teeth the tibia polished and relatively or quite hairless; outer side of hind tibia of male with distinct,teeth:...../-. ..i, im <s «in « « + .P¥iocnemissas; (p.:83)
Subgenus Sphictostethus Kohl
Sphictostethus Kohl, 1884, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 34, pp. 37,47. Type: Pompilus gravesii Haliday; original designation.
Haploneura Kohl, 1884, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 34, pp. 37, 47 (preoc- cupied; new synonymy). Type: Haploneura apogona Kohl; original designa- tion.
Haploneurion Kohl, 1885, Ent. Nachr., vol. 11, p. 163 (new name for Haploneura).
In specimens with functional wings, the third intercubital vein slants outward so that the third cubital cell has its outer angle acute (pl. 2, fig. 21); the third cubital cell is variable in size, usually about 1.2 as long as the second, and the cubital vein usually reaches the wing margin. The wings of the females of some species are reduced, and in these species there are various distortions from the normal venation, including loss of the first intercubital vein. Upper edge of hind tibia of both sexes without or with teeth, the teeth when present usually weak, and never strong in the male; clothing hairs on upper edge of hind tibia not more sparse than on the front face of the tibia; pro- podeum without a sublateral longitudinal impression; male sub- genital plate often with a longitudinal compressed tooth.
I have seen a number of species from Chile, some from New Zealand, one from Fiji, one from New Caledonia, five from México, and one from the Nearctic region. The Nearctic species (P. pretiosa) and the five from México form a distinct group which I shall call the pretiosa group. The determined extralimital species that have been examined are: Pompilus gravesii Haliday 1836; Salius (Priocnemis) thaumastarius Kohl 1905; Pompilus flavipes Guerin 1836; Agenia ranthopus Spinola 1851; Haploneuria apogona Kohl 1884; Haploneurion
82 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
minus Kohl 1905; and Priocnemis montrouziert Williams 1945. A paratype of montrouziert has been examined. All these species except the New Caledonian montrouzieri are from Chile and all are new com- binations in the genus Priocnemis or in the subgenus Sphictostethus, or in both.
Priocnemis (Sphictostethus) pretiosa Banks, new combination
PLATE 2, FIGURE 21
Priocnemis pretiosa Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p. 18, o&. Type: o&, Mount Lemmon at 6,000 ft., Santa Catalina Mts., Ariz. (Cambridge).
Maze: Forewing 6.5 to 10 mm. long; hind edge of hind tibia with feeble teeth; subgenital plate tongue-shaped, flat with its edge weakly reflexed, its surface with erect hairs averaging about 0.7 as long as the width of the subgenital plate, the more posterior hairs longer than the rest.
Ficure 39.—Localities for Priocnemis pretiosa.
Black. Wings orange, their apices margined with fuscous. Smaller males have an additional, more or less well developed fuscous cloud centering just beyond the apex of the stigma.
Fremaue: Forewing 7.5 to 11 mm. long; hind edge of hind tibia with moderately strong teeth.
Black. Wings orange, the apex of the forewing margined with fuscous.
Two undetermined species from Mount Popocatépetl, México (9,600 ft.), are very close to pretiosa, differing only in minor characters in the male subgenital plate and lacking the discal cloud in the fore- wing of the male. One of the two may prove to be a subspecies of pretiosa.
Specimens: 49, Carr Canyon, 7,500 ft., Huachuca Mts., Ariz., July 29, 1948, H. E. Evans (Evans). 9, Cochise County, Ariz.,
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 83
July 31, 1916, V. Owen (San Francisco). 9, Flys Peak, Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., July 1927, J. A. Kusche (San Francisco). o&, on flowers of Lomatium, Graham Mts., Ariz., June 23, 1950 (Washing- ton). o (type), Mount Lemmon at 6,000 ft., Ariz., July 27, 1917 (Cambridge). o, 22, on forest floor, Mount Lemmon at 9,000 ft., Santa Catalina Mts., Ariz., Aug. 2 to 4, 1948, H. E. Evans (Evans). o', Oak Creek Canyon, Ariz., July 15, 1947, L. D. Beamer (Lawrence). &, 72, Rustlers Park at 9,000 ft. in the Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., July 7 to 8, 1948, H. E. Evans (Evans and Townes). 9, Santa Rita Mts. at 5,000 ft., Ariz., Sept. 10, 1931, E. R. Tinkham (St. Paul). 207, 19, on forest floor, Cloudcroft at 9,000 ft., N. Mex., July 26, 1948, H. E. Evans (Evans and Townes). 9, Cloudcroft at 9,100 ft., N. Mex., Aug. 1947, B. Valentine (Townes). 9, ‘“Meadow Valley,” Sierra Ma- dre, México, C. H. T. Townsend (Washington). One of the females from Rustlers Park was taken from under the bark of a log, chewing on the legs of a spider (a juvenile Lycosa). All the spider’s legs had been cut off one side.
This species occurs at 5,000 to 9,100 ft. in the mountains of New Mexico, Arizona, and adjacent México.
Subgenus Clistoderes Banks
Clistoderes Banks, 1934, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 69, p. 33. Type: Priocnemis (Clistoderes) astarte Banks; original designation.
This subgenus contains three species described from the Philippines by Banks in 1934. The long third cubital cell, sublateral grooves on the propodeum, and failure of the cubital vein to reach the wing margin are its outstanding characters.
Subgenus Priocnemissus Haupt
Priocnemissus Haupt, 1949, Beitrége zur taxonomischen Zoologie, vol. 1, p. 75. Type: Procnemis “coriarius’’ Dahlbom = coriaceus Dahlbom; original desig- nation.
In the groove between the mesoscutum and scutellum slender slightly elevated wedges extend mesad but do not meet medially; third intercubital vein slanting outward so that the third cubital cell has its outer hind angle acute; third cubital cell about 1.2 as long as the second cubital cell; cubital vein reaching the wing margin (pl. 1, fig. 7); wings of both sexes functional; hind tibia of male with distinct teeth on its upper edge, of the female with strong, suberect, lobelike teeth; hind tibia of female almost hairless between the teeth so that its upper edge appears polished; propodeum without a distinct sublateral longitudinal impression.
This subgenus is well represented in Eurasia and has three species in North America. All three of these are adults in the spring, being among the first psammocharids to begin flying and the first to disap-
84 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
pear as summer develops. The non-Nearctic species of this subgenus that have been studied are the Chilean Salius (Priocnemis) disperti- tius Kohl 1905; the Colombian Priophanes moesta Banks 1945; and the European Priocnemis mimulus Wesmael 1851, Sphex fusca Fabri- cius 1775, and Calicurgus vulgaris Lepeletier 1845. These are all new combinations with the subgeneric name.
Key to the Nearctic species of the subgenus Priocnemissus 1. Abdomen black; male with apex of ae strongly concave; rather slender
Bpeciest7as . . . . 1. minorata Banks Abdomen feceelya or Wennizcint nea eis pias all black); male with apex of clypeus truncate; stout species... . oy) es bate roe ae
2. Abdomen black apically; thorax and head of forale Saris ‘dull ferruginous; male subgenital plate with the hairs about 0.6 as long as the width of the plates 4's . . 2. nigripes (Cresson)
Abdomen red to ihe ee Gately, pics enerely Golaeky thorax and head of both sexes entirely black; male subgenital plate with the hairs about 1.3 as long as the width of the plate. ........ .. . 8. oregona Banks
1. Priocnemis (Priocnemissus) minorata Banks, new combination
Figure 1,c; Puate 1, FIGURE 7 Priocnemis conicus “‘Say,’”’ as misdetermined by authors. Priocnemis minorata Banks, 1912, Canadian Ent., vol. 44, p.197,[9]. Lectotype: 9, Great Falls, Va., April 20 (Cambridge).
Mate: Forewing 6 to 10 mm. long; clypeus rather flat, short, and with the apex arcuately emarginate; subgenital plate tongue-shaped
Ficure 40.—Localities for Priocnemis minorata.
with a broad shallow notch in its apex, its hairs erect with their apices curved backwards, or in the case of the apical bristles curved mesad, averaging about 0.8 as long as the width of the subgenital plate. Black. Wings faintly to distinctly infuscate; abdomen black, but sometimes with a reddish tinge. Frmaue: Forewing 7 to 12 mm. long.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 85
Black. Wings lightly to strongly infuscate; abdomen black. Specimens from the Pacific States and British Columbia have the wings averaging a little darker than in specimens from the East.
This species is considerably more slender and with less long hair than the other two Nearctic species of the subgenus, and in these characters is more like a large group of Eurasian species.
SPECIMENS (12607, 3099): From Alabama (De Soto State Park); Arkansas (Washington County); British Columbia (Creston and Pass Creek); Connecticut (Colebrook, Hartford, Lyme, and Wallingford) ; District of Columbia; Georgia (Burton and Yonah Mt.); Indiana (Vincennes) ; Iowa (Ames, Mount Pleasant, Sioux City, and Thomp- son); Kansas (Baldwin and Manhattan); Kentucky (Mammoth Cave National Park); Maine (Belgrade and Hancock); Maryland (Bowie, Cabin John, Glen Echo, Plummers Island, and Takoma Park); Massachusetts (Blue Hills, Cohasset, Dorchester, Lexington, Malden, Medford, Milton, Minot County, Nantucket, Provincetown, Sherborn, Wellesley, and Wollaston); Michigan (Ann Arbor, Jackson County, Midland County, Osceola County, and Portage Lake); Minnesota (Anoka County, Carver County, Fillmore County, Frontenac, Good- hue County, Hennepin County, Houston County, Itasca Park, Lake County, Lake Minnetonka, Manterville, Mille Lac, and St. Anthony Park); Missouri (St. Louis); New Hampshire (Durham, Hampton, Hanover, Jaffrey, Mount Monadnock, Ossipee, and Webster); New Jersey (Camden County, Lahaway in Ocean County, Malaga, Middle- sex County, Pemberton, Princeton, and Trenton); New York (Butter- milk State Park, Cayuta Lake, Chafee, Connecticut Hill in Tompkins County, Heart Lake in Essex County, Honeoye Lake, Ithaca, Lan- caster, McLean, Mahopac Falls, Oswego, Owego, Patterson, Plateau Mt. in the Catskills, Putnam, Sea Cliff, Slaterville, Smithtown, Syracuse, Taughanic Falls, and Yonkers); North Carolina (Ashe- ville, Elizabethtown, Glenville, Marion, and Raleigh); Nova Scotia (Millsville) ; Ohio (Akron, Columbus, Delaware County, Lick County, Put in Bay, and Sugar Grove); Ontario (Bells Corners, Constance Bay, Fisher Glen, Grimsby, Jordan, Leamington, Merrivale, Ottawa, and Spencerville); Oregon (Corvallis, Forest Grove, and Portland) ; Pennsylvania (Castle Rock, Glenside, Lawndale, Pittsburgh, Spring Brook, and State College); Quebec (Abbotsford, Aylmer, Gracefield, Granby, Ironsides, Kazubazua, Montreal, and Quebec); Tennessee (Knoxville); Texas (College Station); Vermont (Manchester); Vir- ginia (Arlington, Barcroft, Chain Bridge, Chapahamswick Park, Dunn Loring, East Falls Church, Falls Church, Glencarlyn, Great Falls, Mount Vernon, and Vienna); and Wisconsin (St. Croix Falls).
Most collection dates are in April, May, and early June. Especially early and late dates are Mar. 24 at Washington, D. C.; Mar. 30 at Plummers Island, Md.; Mar. 31 at Cabin John, Md.; Apr. 1 at Glen
86 U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Echo, Md.; Apr. 3 in Brazos County, Tex.; Apr. 6 at Forest Grove, Oreg.; Apr. 9 at Ithaca, N. Y.; Apr. 24 at Owego, N. Y.; June 10 at Constance Bay, Ont.; June 11 at Fisher Glen and Leamington, On- tario, and in Lake County, Minn.; June 21 at Chafee, N. Y.; June 24 at Lyme, Conn.; June 27 at Ithaca, N. Y.; and June 29 in Itasca Park, Minn. Flower records include one collection on blueberry, three on Benzoin aestivale, and one on Prunus serotina. On two occasions specimens were taken at ‘sugar’ put on tree trunks for collecting moths. Adults appear with the first spring flowers and disappear in early summer. The habitat is woods, usually in sun-warmed stream bottoms. The adults run or fly low over the forest floor, and lack of concealing foliage at this early season makes them conspicuous. Soon after the trees are in full leaf they begin to disappear.
This species occurs in the Alleghenian and Carolinian faunas of the eastern half of the continent, and in the Transition fauna of the Pacific Northwest. Its habitat is woods, the adults being present from early spring to early summer.
Figure 41.—Localities for Priocnemts nigripes.
2. Priocnemis (Priocnemissus) nigripes (Cresson), new combination
Pompilus (Priocnemis) nigripes Cresson, 1865, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 454, 9. Type: 9, Colorado (Philadelphia).
Priocnemis gomelza Brimley, 1934, Ent. News, vol. 45, p. 43, 9. Type:?, Raleigh, N. C. (Raleigh).
Maus: Forewing 8 to 10 mm. long; clypeus weakly convex, its apex truncate; subgenital plate tongue-shaped, its hairs suberect and about 0.6 as long as the width of the subgenital plate.
Black. Wings lightly infuscate; most of second tergite, apical half of the first tergite, and basal half of third tergite ferruginous, the rest of the abdomen black.
Fremaue: Forewing 9 to 12 mm. long.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 87
Black. Most of head and thorax dull ferruginous with the sutures black; coxae with an external dull ferruginous area; wings moderately infuscate, the forewing a little darker along the basal vein and nervulus and in an area just beyond the level of the stigma; abdomen ferrugi- nous, infuscate beyond the third tergite, the apical margins of the first to third tergites usually weakly infuscate; base of first tergite somewhat infuscate.
SPECIMENS (367, 459): From Alabama (Montgomery): Arkansas (Palm); Colorado; Kansas (Baldwin County, Douglas County, Ellsworth, Manhattan, and Wichita); Missouri (St. Louis); Nebraska (Lincoln and Malcolm); North Carolina (Chapel Hill, Raleigh, and Tryon); and Tennessee (Clarksville and Knoxville). The 3 males were collected on Mar. 4 and 16 at Manhattan, Kans., and on Mar. 30 at Lincoln, Nebr. Dates of capture for females are from Mar. 8 to May 2, one from Malcolm, Nebr., on May 12, and one from Osage, Kans., in “August.’’ Most were collected in April.
This is a species of the Central and Southeastern States. Adults occur in early spring.
3. Priocnemis (Priocnemissus) oregona Banks, new combination
Pompilus comparatus Walker, 1866, in Lord, The naturalist in Vancouver Island and British Columbia, vol. 2, p. 341, 2 (preoccupied). Type: 9, British Columbia (London).
Priocnemis oregona Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p. 11 (new name).
Mats: Forewing 6.5 to 11 mm. long; clypeus moderately convex, rather long, its apex truncate; subgenital plate tongue-shaped, its hairs erect and about 1.3 as long as the width of the subgenital plate.
Black. Wings moderately infuscate; abdomen red, the base of the first tergite black.
Ficure 42.—Localities for Priocnemis oregona.
S88 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
FrMa.e: Forewing 7.5 to 13 mm. long.
Black. Wings fuscous; abdomen red, the base of the first tergite black.
Variety: Four males and one female have the abdomen largely (the males) or entirely (the female) blackish, and may represent a distinct race. These are: o, Fairfax, Marin County, Calif., Apr. 12, 1925, C. L. Fox (Townes). o, Mill Valley, Marin County, Calif., Feb. 28, 1926 (San Francisco). 9, Miat Canyon near Palmdale, Calif., Apr. 20, 1932, E. P. VanDuzee (San Francisco). co, Sonoma County, Calif., Feb. 20, 1911, J. A. Kusche (San Francisco). of, Yorkville, Calif., May 8, 1935, E. P. VanDuzee (Berkeley).
SPECIMENS (typical variety; 280, 2679): From Arizona (Parker Creek in the Sierra Ancha); British Columbia (Aspen Grove, Creston, Kaslo, Lavington, Penticton, Robson, Salmon Arm, and Vernon); California (Berkeley, Dutch Flat, Fairfax, Fish Camp, Glen Ellen, Hat Lake in Lassen National Park, Humboldt County, Inverness, Lake Pilarcitus in San Mateo County, Manzanita Lake in Lassen National Park, May Lake in Yosemite National Park, Miami Ranger Station in Mariposa County, Mill Valley, Mount Diablo in Contra Costa County, Mountain View, Nevada City, Old Station, Palmdale, Richardson Springs, Ross, Ryan Creek in Mendocino County, San Francisco, San Jose, Santa Clara County, Shasta County, southern Sonoma County, Smoky Jack Camp in Yosemite National Park, and Yorkville); Idaho (Boise, Burley, Cedar Mt. near Moscow, Moscow, Moscow Mt., and Potlatch); Nevada (Reno); Oregon (Alsea Mt., Astoria, Breitenbush, Corvallis, Drift Creek, Echo, Marion, Mosier, Oakville, Portland, Salem, Scio, Shaw, Toledo, Waldport, Wildhorse Mt. near Athena, and Wren); Utah (Logan and Salt Lake City); and Washington (Almota, Buena, Clarkston, Gilmer, Olympia, Palouse, Pullman, Ritzville, Spokane, Wawawai, and Wenatchee).
Most dates of collection are from Mar. 20 to June 6. At more northern latitudes or at higher altitudes the dates run somewhat later, and a few straggling females have been taken in August. Representa- tive early and late dates are: Feb. 20 in southern Sonoma County, Calif.; Feb. 28 at Mill Valley, Calif.; Mar. 3 at Corvallis, Oreg.; Mar. 9 in Washington State; Mar. 10 at Berkeley, Calif.; Mar. 11 at Wren, Oreg.; Mar. 12 at Dutch Flat, Calif.; Mar. 16 at Reno, Nev.; Mar. 20 at Toledo, Oreg.; Mar. 25 at Spokane, Wash.; March 27 at Vernon, British Columbia; June 14, June 28, and Aug. 2 at Corvallis, Oreg., June 16 at Ryan Creek, Mendocino County, Calif.; June 24 at Cedar Mt., Moscow, Idaho; June 21 at 8,000 ft. and June 26 at 10,500 ft. in Yosemite National Park, Calif.; Aug. 10 and 16 at Echo, Oreg.; Aug. 16 at Toledo, Oreg.; November at San Francisco, Calif. (2); and Dec. 16 in the hills back of Oakland, Calif. (2). The last
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 89
date, and possibly the last two dates apparently represent precocious spring arrivals rather than late stragglers. A female collected Apr. 10, 1902, at Mountain View, Calif., is labeled “from nest of ground spider.”
This is a spring species common in the Transition and Canadian faunas from southern British Columbia to southern California, and less common eastward into the Great Basin.
Subgenus Priocnemis Schigdte
Priocnemis Schigdte, 1837, Krgyer’s Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, vol. 1, p. 324. Type: Sphezx exaltata Fabricius; designated by Westwood, 1840. Prionocnemus Burmeister, 1872, Stettiner Ent. Zeitung, vol. 33, p. 235 (emendation). Prionocnemis Kirby, 1884, Zool. Rec., vol. 20 (Insecta), p. 131 (emendation). Myrmecosalius Ashmead, 1903, Proc. Ent. Soe. Washington, vol. 5, p. 307 (new synonymy). Type: Myrmecosalius nigriceps Ashmead; monobasic.
In the groove between the mesoscutum and scutellum slender slightly elevated wedges extend mesad from each side and meet at the middle, forming a narrow raised transverse line; third intercubital vein approximately perpendicular so that the third cubital cell has its outer angle approximately rectangular or obtuse; third cubital cell about as long as the second cubital cell; cubital vein sometimes not reaching the wing margin (pl. 2, figs. 22, 23, 24, 25); wings of the females of some species reduced or vestigial; hind tibia of male without a trace of teeth on its outer edge, of female with a row of sharp, obliquely chevron-shaped, decumbent teeth; hind tibia of female with numerous hairs on and between its teeth, so that its outer edge does not appear polished; propodeum without a sublateral longitudinal impression.
This subgenus is well represented in both North America and in Eurasia, and there are a few species in the Neotropics.®, In contrast to the vernal subgenus Priocnemissus, adults of the subgenus Prioenemis occur in the summer. The extralimital species of which specimens have been studied are: Pompilus parcus Cresson 1867 (Cuba); the European Sphex erxaltata Fabricius 1775, Pompilus minutus Linden 1827, Pompilus femoralis Dahlbom 1829, Priocnemis parvulus Dahlbom 1845, Prioenemis obtusiventris Schigdte 1837, Pompilus pusillus Schigdte 1837, Calicurgus propinquus Lepeletier 1845, and Salius schenckir Kohl 1884; an undetermined Chilean species; and two undetermined species from México related to P. navajo.
In 1951 (U. S. Dep. Agr., Agr. Monogr. No. 2, pp. 913-914) the subgeneric name Priocnemis was erroneously applied to Priocnemissus and true Priocnemis was called Myrmecosalius. The error originated with specimens of a European species of Priocnemissus misdetermined as Priocnemis exaltata, the genotype of Prioenemis, which gave a false idea of the proper application of this name.
90 U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
The name Hemipogonius Saussure 1892, is sometimes listed as a
synonym of Priocnemis. Its genotype has not been available for
study. Keys to the Nearctic species of the subgenus Priocnemis MALES (The male of P. abbreviatus is unknown.) 1. Subgenital plate with the hairs distributed ge over its entire surface, WEI ORNS sg So 6 x PSE TSR ARON ENED, Subgenital plate with the Bene resnmored fol Genta ALeAS| MAarLOW -) ees 2) 0
10.
. Sixth sternite with a medium apical pair of parallel ridges (in addition to the
usual lateral hooks); hair on subgenital plate long and suberect. 4. hestia (Banks) Sixth sternite without a median apical pair of parallel ridges (with a pair of low convergent ridges in P. aequalis); hair on Eee 6 oe either short and depressed or long and recurved .... . spout cccwtoiun site
. Subgenital plate narrow, its exposed portion about 2. 3 as Sone as wide; hair on
subgenital plate long and strongly recurved; frons mat, not acme punctate... . . .. . . 5. cornica (Say) Subgenital plate broad te sqesed fornon poo 1.3 as long as wide; hair on subgenital plate depressed, rather short; frons mat to Sabpokaned: with distinct punctures. ... ee nT. Sixth sternite with a median nical one ‘of “id ponvereent ndeee: punctures on frons weak, separated by about 1.0 to 2.0 their diameter. 3. aequalis (Banks) Sixth sternite without a median pair of ridges; punctures on frons stronger, separated by about 0.3 to 1.0 their diameter ... . i ioe Saasoe Os Apical margin of clypeus with a sublateral thickening, eeeeoet or pit (the development of this structure is extremely variable); frons and pleura a little less polished. . . . . .... . 1. germana (Cresson) Apical margin of clypeus sharp, Paepenialarei: frons and pleura a little more polished. SUBSPECIES OF SCITULA. ... at cs ee bape
. Coxae black or blackish; femora and abdomen oes inoct er oes markings.
2a. scitula relicta Banks Coxae largely or entirely fulvous; femora and abdomen largely fulvous. 2b. scitula scitula (Cresson)
. Subgenital plate with a oe median longitudinal row of long suberect setae,
otherwise bare. .. . . .. . . 6. minuscula (Banks) Subgenital plate with haieed in Caton not with a single median row of S@baC Mer ray cy es Sa heit ide ce ecm
. Subgenital plate yathouee a medera eee Eocene or a mean pale of elongate
tubercles; frons mat, indistinctly punctate . . . 8. nigriceps (Ashmead) Subgenital plate with a median raised tooth or pair of elongate tubercles; frons subpolished, with sharp punctures. SUBSPECIES OF NOTHA. . . 9
. Subgenital plate with a median pair of Ea tubercles or ridges; abdomen black (.) Se wwe es Speirs tlt oa LO Subgenital plate mee a median erect tooth. or Goat of teeth abdomen with its basal half often rufous .. . TS Os eel
Range: Upper Sonoran Zone of aS Rocky, Mountaint Sh, etene to the Pacifie%; 6 385 ce) ) Ae As wile FAS oe ae mOtha mayvajonbanks
BIT
10.
tt.
12.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI QO]
Range: Transition Zone of ee Oregon, Washington, and British
Columbia 29. . . . . 9b. notha occidentis Banks Abdomen black with eafeae epainh on its basal half; tooth on subgenital plate longitudinally divided . . . . . . 9c. notha alaskeneias new subspecies
Abdomen with its basal half rufous; tooth on subgenital plate usually single. 9d. notha notha (Cresson) FEMALES
. Wings vestigial,:too short fo.be functional . 2... 2... ww ct 2
Wings not vestigial, functional . ... . eat
. Forewing about 0.8 as long as the thorax; foros eee eeeeens
7. abbreviatus, new species Forewing about 0.3 as long as the thorax; femora ferruginous. 8. nigriceps (Ashmead)
. Apical half of forewing evenly infuscate ... . 4 4 Apical half of forewing irregularly infuscate so as to pone faintly fa distinctly banded or spotted. .... . ah ste Frons and mesoscutum distinctly chia with diated plone aneeanest SUB- SPECIES OF NOTHA ... : Bude taiana ail Frons and mesoscutum dull, Shines mistince once : ‘Bo cornica (Say)
. Abdomen entirely black; forewing more strongly infuscate.
9a. notha navajo Banks Abdomen largely or entirely rufous; forewing moderately infuscate ... 6
. Abdomen entirely rufous. . . . . . 9b. notha oeccidentis Banks
Abdomen with its apical 0.3 to 0. 6 pick or blackish: -")3 42292) POEUN h7
. Apical 0.6+ of abdomen blackish . . 9c. notha alaskensis, new subspecies
Apical 0.35 of abdomen blackish. . . . . . 9d. notha notha (Cresson)
. Pronotum fulvous, the rest of the thorax black; wings unusually narrow and
short:(pl.2, tig; 25)... . . . . . . 6. minuscula (Banks) Pronotum black, or if pale then other oe of the thorax also pale; wings of normal width and length. . .. . PAT: 9 Fourth cubital cell uniformly and eet nent? frone ae pa sorea tia shining, with rather scattered shallow punctures . . 3. aequalis (Banks) Fourth cubital cell with its basal 0.7 subhyaline and its apical 0.3 lightly infuscate so that the forewing has a conspicuous pale subapical spot; frons mat to polished, with closer deeper ichiease or not uke punc- WEES charlie a . 10 Frons dull, mit Glace eral pace that are famicall to see so that e may appear mat and impunctate; forewing with a conspicuous fuscous mark over the basal vein and nervulus, the mark crossing the anal cell (pl. 2, eA tw ss - ... . 4. hestia (Banks) Frons somewhat cee porous pareiate: Greanne with a weaker fuscous mark over the basal vein, the mark not invading the anal cell (pl. 2, figs. Dey ayes sted hve igewes Gee Clypeus with a reedige ae Pee elevation aa ei the apex that gives the impression of a weak flattening just beyond the elevation; frons more densely punctate; frons and pleura more strongly mat; ee 6 to 9 mm: long... . . .. . . 1. germana (Cresson) Clypeus without a medi Subapical Grcealanien frons less densely punctate; frons and pleura less ee mat; forewing 4 to 6mm. long. SUBSPECIES OF) SCITULAG yy 57 ; Seep ttle Legs and body preety or panes eee face 2 ane seitula relicta Banks
Legs and body partly fulvous, at least the abdomen less than 0.75 black. 2b. scitula scitula (Cresson)
92 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Ficure 43.—Localities for Priocnemis germana.
1. Priocnemis (Priocnemis) germana (Cresson) PLATE 2, FIGURE 22
Pompilus (Priocnemis) germanus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 116, 9. Lectotype: 9, Delaware (Philadelphia).
Pompilus (Agenia) iridipennis Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., vol. 1, p. 127, #. Lectotype: @, West Virginia (Philadelphia).
Mate: Forewing 4 to 7 mm. long; clypeus with the apical margin specialized, the specialization varying from a sublateral thickening or weak impression of the margin to a very large deep pit in the same position; frons subpolished, with sharp punctures separated by about 0.2 their diameter. The stronger specialization of the clypeus occurs usually in larger males. In these there is a tendency for the clypeus to be narrower than usual and the head is always swollen postero- dorsally. In ail other Nearctic species of this subgenus the apical margin of the clypeus is simple and sharp in both sexes and the head is of normal shape. Middle third of sixth sternite smooth; exposed part of subgenital plate tongue-shaped, about 1.3 as wide as long, covered with short oblique hairs.
Black. Apical half of mandible rufous; front tarsus and front side of front tibia usually fulvous; wings subhyaline, the apical third of the forewing weakly infuscate.
Frmaue: Forewing 6 to 10 mm. long; frons mat, with small very close punctures; clypeus with a weak, median, transverse, subapical swelling.
Black. Apical half of mandible rufous; wings subhyaline, the fore- wing with a narrow indefinite infuscation along the basal vein and its apical third moderately infuscate, with a conspicuous hyaline area covering the basal 0.7 of the fourth cubital cell; apex of hind wing weakly infuscate.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 93
SPECIMENS (24207, 2309): From Arizona (Oak Creek Canyon at 6,000